Plantation Mistress Essay

In the book, Plantation Mistress (Clinton, 1984) by author Catherine Clinton, it seems that Clinton desires to express her disapproval for the manner in which women were treated so harshly. She talks about maids brought to our country during the year 1620 and in Clintons writing, it is extremely interesting how she gathered her information for this book from letters that were indite so many long time ago, and even from diaries, suggesting that women from that ancient time period werent treated as equals in the deep South and in this buckle down era and time in our history, the author relays to her readers that there is evidence that cruelty did take place toward women and practices such as using females as workhorses shouldnt cast been acceptable in any time period. Also, many of these women referred to as mistresses werent taken care of properly and didnt even receive the necessary and sanctioned essentials, such as proper toiletries or food. They were treated like second class citizens and werent considered as good as men. We gather a refreshed appreciation for maids as we read Clintons writing and feel regret for those who had to suffer because of neglect and misunderstanding. Clinton teaches us that all humans were created as equals and all women and the slaves from that akin time period were regarded less than human. Its interesting to be able to read some of those old letters that were written so many years ago so that we have a greater appreciation for women who lived on these plantations in the deep South. REFERENCE PAGEClinton, Catherine. (1984). Plantation Mistress. Pantheon.

Consequences of Unethical Behavior Essay

I had not heard of this until now, actually. Google paid their centering out of CEO quest last year. Not merely was their behavior unethical, and illegal, it was very socially irresponsible to the American people. Google was taking part in advertising narcotics and separate prescription drugs for an illegal Canadian pharmacy on the American internet making all of these drugs readily available to the American people. David Whitaker, a federal inmate and convicted con-artist became posed as an American government cistron who went undercover to prove Google knew exactly what was going on.Google advertisement executives accepted the $200,000 worth of the governments set-up coin to begin advertising. Whitaker collected emails and recorded calls to prove that Google knew what they were doing were illegal. Even though it was plain through the evidence to capture that Google representatives knew that the advertisements were illegal, they extended Whitaker a very generous credit line and allowed me to set my target advertising promptly to American consumers.On August 24th, 2011, Google paid $500M dollars to pay their fines and avoid quest of their C. E. O. Larry Page. Through the emails and recordings, it is made obvious that Page knew exactly what was going on. Google was allowing illegal Canadian pharmacies to platform their ads on Google and target the American population. Google allowing American consumers to be targeted is absolutely outrageous. Googles $500M fine covers the advertising costs and profits of the companies. The Department of Justice in any case has a non-prosecution agreement with Google.Now, what exactly is a non-prosecution agreement? To me, this all sounds like something illegal all the way around. How can a company, any company, buy their way out of prosecution? How can a C. E. O. not be classified as a drug peddler who well knows of what is going on deep down his company? How does this make him any different that Bernie Madoff or th e Goldman Sachs C. E. O.? Google was allowing drugs to be sold through their network, period refer blank with the citizens of America universe the target.How can a company buy their way out of prosecution? I just do not understand. If I was caught selling drugs, or giving people a platform to sell, I would be prosecuted to the fullest extent. Would I be able to buy my way out of prosecution? I absolutely would not The American government would lock me away and take their sweet period about taking me to trial and finishing my case. Why was this not made more public? Now, it seems, Google is being looked into from every aspect, in which they should.

Patient Safety in Rural Nursing Because of Nursing Shortage Essay

The United States is in the midst of a c be for paucity that is being increasingly discussed in the context of declining healthc argon facilities in the nation. Over 1 in 7 hospitals (15%) report a severe RN breast feeding shortage with more than 20% of their treat positions va targett and 80%-85% of hospitals report that they wealthy person a soak up shortage This shortage is predicted to intensify oer the next decade or two as nurses belonging to the generation of baby boomers retire.The nurse counsel Aging Workforce Survey released in July 2006 by the Bernard Hodes Group reveals that 55% of surveyed nurses and nurse managers reported their intent to retire between 2011 and 2020 (AACN, 2006). In April 2006, officials with the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) released projections that the nations nursing shortage would grow to more than one million nurses by the year 2020 (HRSA, 2003). Nursing colleges and universities are struggling to complicate enroll ment levels.In the report titled What is Behind HRSAs Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortage of Registered Nurses? analysts show that every 50 states will experience a shortage of nurses to varying marks by the year 2015 (AACN, 2006). Factors driving the harvest-feast in subscribe to for nurses include an 18 % increase in the population a bigger symmetry of elderly persons requiring proportionally highschooler(prenominal) levels of medical deal out advances in medical technology that heighten the carry for nurses an increase in the number of work settings for nurses and demographic changes in an increasing U.S. population (HRSA, 2003).Factors that are make a decrease in the supply of nurses are the declining number of nursing school enrollees, graduates and faculty the age of the registered nurse workforce work environment discovers leading to job burnout and dissatisfaction high nurse turnover and nothingness rates and declines in relative earnings (HRSA, 2003). Due to this critical imbalance between the supply and demand of nurses, the United States is today facing a nursing shortage crisis.Nursing shortage in outlandish settings Research shows that nursing shortage as defined by the federal government exists mainly in agricultural areas of the country that are far away from metropolitan areas. These areas suffer more from nursing shortage than urban areas due to lack of economic resources to compete with urban based employers, inadequate training for nurses to utilisation in inelegant settings and dependence on non-hospital care settings in the rude areas.According to a report published by the areaal Clearinghouse for Frontier Communities, Impacts and Innovations in Frontier America (December 2004), nurse shortages in boundary and artless communities derive not only from the current guinea pig shortage of nurses but also a long-standing trend favoring rural-to-urban migration of the educated, skilled workforce. There is also the event of money. When examined by rurality, LPNs in rural settings ($21,941) report an income 23% lower than that reported by LPNs in urban settings ($28,408) (NCSBN, 2006).A large number of rural communities are losing existing employment and education opportunities and the paper suggests that the community context of a nurse shortage can be addressed only through community-based development approaches as well as the crafting of healthy rural policies. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation published a report titled The American Nursing Shortage with the serve well of its researchers Bobbi Kimball and Edward ONeil.According to this report, even when some people feel a calling for the professions such as nursing, they are deterred by certain dimensions of the lifestyle, such as low pay, compulsory mobility and the need for service in rural areas. Available data and literature suggest that the impact of the nursing shortage on rural and edge communities varies greatly from community to commu nity. IN some rural places, there is no catchyy in filling vacancies but there may be just a few good stipendiary jobs. However, in most rural areas, recruiting for openings is estimated to take about 60 percent longer to fill than in urban areas (Long 2000).Nurse employers receive many applications but often find applicants do not tolerate desired qualifications and then, they often boast to accept lower qualifications to fill positions. Differences in education between frontier and non-frontier nurses exist both in their basic nursing education and the highest degree earned (FEC, 2003). Fully one-half of frontier nurses had qualified as RNs through associate degree (ADN) programs, in comparison with 40% of the non-frontier nurses in contrast, non-frontier nurses were more likely to deal attended diploma or BSN programs.Differences remain when looking at highest degree received 44% of frontier nurses highest degree is the ADN, in contrast with 34% of the non-frontier nurses. A nd, while the percentage of nurses who have earned a bachelors degree is slightly lower among frontier nurses (30% frontier, 33% non-frontier), the percentage who has earned master degrees is also lower among frontier (7% frontier compared with 10% non-frontier) (FEC, 2003). At Prairie Vista Nursing Home in Holyoke, Colorado, a town of about 1,900 people about 130 miles northeast of Denver, administrators reportedly had to work picture shifts to cover shifts after a nurse retired.Recruiting nurses to work in rural areas is difficult to begin with and, when urban-trained nurses work out rural practice, they often find they are ill-prepared for the demands of the job, contributing to job dissatisfaction and turnover. Once there, they typically find it difficult to access continuing education opportunities that fit their needs. When educators bring their knowledge to us, they often do not bring in that we practice differently than urban centers do (rural nurse, quoted in Molinari 20 01). In the rural setting, nurses typically fill six-fold roles.There is a need for a broad range of skills and cross training in eightfold jobs. Rural nursing requires a high level of generalist skills and critical thinking (Fahs, Findholt et al. 2003). Another issue is that the ethnic composition of the rural nurse workforce does not correspond with the population it serves. The ANA Rural Nursing module identifies five factors that affect rural nursing practice threats to anonymity and confidentiality traditional gender roles geographic isolation professional isolation and scarce resources (Bushy 2004).Patient safety for nursing shortage in rural settings Surveys and studies published recently confirm that the shortage of registered nurses is impacting the delivery of health care in the U. S. and negatively bear on patient outcomes. Research now shows that how well patients are cared for by nurses affects their health, and some cadences can be a matter of life or death. These s tudies have put together that (HRSA, 2003) A total of 53% of physicians and 65% of the ordinary cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors (Harvard School of Public Health, 2002,) A higher proportion of nursing care and a greater number of hours of care by nurses per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (Needleman et al. , 2002) Nursing actions, such as ongoing monitoring of patients health status, are directly related to better health outcomes (Kahn et al. , 1990) 126,000 nurses are needed immediately to fill vacancies at our Nations hospitals. Today, 75% of all hospital vacancies are for nurses (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002) Low nurse staffing levels have contributed to 24% of unanticipated events in hospitals that topiced in death, injury or permanent loss of function (Joint representation of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002) Patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with low nurse- to-patient ratios have an up to 31% change magnitude pretend of dying. Every additional patient in an average hospital nurses work load increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (Aiken et. al. , 2002) Low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of hospitals reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 (Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002) Less nursing time fork overd to patients is associated with higher rates of infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, and death from these and other causes (Needleman et al. , 2002) and Nurse executives surveyed indicated that staffing shortages are contributing to requirement department overcrowding and the need to close beds (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002).The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002 has issued a warning that failure to address the problem of nursing shortage in rural areas will result in incr eased deaths, complications, lengths-of-stay and other undesirable patient outcomes. JCAHO examined 1,609 hospital reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 and found that low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of the cases (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002). invigorated research indicates that a shortage of registered nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and higher degree level is endangering patients.In an article in the September 24, 2003 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Linda Aiken and her colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania found that patients experience significantly lower mortality and failure to rescue rates in hospitals where more baccalaureate-prepared nurses provide direct patient care. At least 1,700 preventable deaths could have been realized in Pennsylvania hospitals me assert if baccalaureate-prepared nurses had comprised 60% of the nursing staff and the nurse-to-pat ient ratios had been set at 1 to 4.Unfortunately, only 11% of PA hospitals have more than 50% of the nursing staff prepared at the baccalaureate level ( Institute of Medicine, 2003). A survey titled Views of Practicing Physicians and the Public on Medical Errors, conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health and the henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation reported in the December 12, 2002 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine found that 53% of physicians and 65% of the populace cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors.Overall, 42% of the public and more than a third of U. S. octors reported that they or their family members have experienced medical errors in the cartroad of receiving medical care (AACN, 2006). Nurse researchers at the University of Pennsylvania determined that patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with high nurse-to-patient ratios have an up to 31% increased chance of dying. Funded by the National Institute for Nursing Resea rch, the lead found that every additional patient in an average hospital nurses workload increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (AACN, 2006).According to an extensive playing area by Dr.Jack Needleman and Peter Buerhas, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in whitethorn 2002, a higher proportion of nursing care provided by RNs and a greater number of hours of care by RNs per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (AACN, 2006). Conclusion Available data and literature suggest that the issue of nurse shortage is a national one. Yet, the impact of nurse shortage is better seen in the rural areas where nurses are not well paid, existing nurses are not well qualified and patients are underage on local medical facilities.Because most frontier and rural communities are distant from hospitals, residents may rely on non-hospital based care settings for a greater proportion of their care than their urban counterparts. Due to these reas ons, nurse shortage in rural areas has endangered patient safety. Nurses are the primary source of care and choke in the health care sector and hence, a sufficient supply of nurses is critical in providing the national and especially the rural population with quality health care. Nurses are expected to play an even larger role in the future.

Macbeth †Directing Act 2 Scenes 1 and 2 Essay

From the directors point of view, this injection is very dramatic because of the impact on Macbeths decision in answer 1 scene seven. In this scene Macbeth almost decides that he has talked himself protrude of killing the king, but his married woman maam Macbeth has other plans and forces him into a decision that lead lead to the death of the king. This affects the cardinal scenes I will be directing because in these two scenes the decision is put into practice when Macbeth kills the king. So I hard-boiled out to direct the two crucial scenes that see the king murde exit by Macbeth.The setting for act two scene one is in Macbeths castle. It is dark and Banquo and Fleance atomic number 18 in the courtyard discussing what time of day it is, and as to whether it is past midnight or non. They work out what time it is by seeing if the moon is down, and then the candles are blown out. Now it is at this point large gusts of finish up are heard howling end-to-end the castle with thunder and lightning clashing down around the hearing. Owls are heard calling and all carriage of nightlife is heard. This violence is used so that the hearing are made intense and unaware as to what is hazard next and to create tension. The sounds would be achieved through sound effects being play over the speakers and sharp, frosty lighting would be used to symbolise the lightning. A background tune will be played very lightly to create a mood so scary it will keep the audiences immovable to the stage from the edges of their seats.When Macbeth meets Banquo, Macbeth tells him that he is sorry for not being as good a host as usual and Banqou reassures Macbeth that he has been an excellent host to the king. Then he brings up the subject of the witches. He articulates that he dreamed of the weird sisters the night before, and tells Macbeth To you they have imageed some truth. Macbeth replies, I think not of them, which is a take lie. It is true that we havent heard him ment ion the witches, but he has been intellection of nothing draw how to own the prophecies come true.If I was the director I would introduce Macbeth by letting him enter from pay and to walk on quietly, sneakily in incident with only soft weary lighting to copy the moon light. He would be wearing a long black smock to incorporate the fact he was upset or in regret that he was closely to commit a horrendous deed. The black would be used because it is traditionally the colour of the night and Macbeth had to blend into the background and move emergency the night in order not to be spotted or noticed.Banquo would be wearing red pants and a silver lightweight vest created out of steel with the imprinted cross of Scotland on the vest. He would be wearing a polished steel helmet with a sword placed neatly in its pouch, left hanging on the brown leather belt fastened around his waist. He would in any case have a spear in his hand with a long shaft that would also be used as a walki ng stick. He would be dressed like this because as a general protecting Duncan king of Scotland he would be expected to wear the kings finest military uniform. As a director I would expect Macbeth to take in his lines to Banquo in a nervous manner.I would have him bollocks and muddle up his words he would also jolt and pause in mid-sentence to give the word-painting to the audience he is unsure and nervous as to the wickedness he is round to commit. The lighting in this part of the play as I have already touched on would be dull yet crisp to create a sense of atmosphere and to create a mood, which would help Macbeth, deliver his lines. The torchlight the servant would be carrying at this point would be quite sharp and a glowing effect would be used to create the fire effect. Macbeths facial expressions would be few and far between because I would want him to be pale and blank faced so that it looked like he had other things on his mind, to a greater extent(prenominal) importan t and life threatening things.At the initiative of Act 2 scene two, Lady Macbeth is stood near to Duncans room waiting for Macbeth to return. At this point, I would want to emphasise the crime that is about to be committed and to create strong tension between the audience and the stage. Ideally the audience would be sitting focused, eyes fixed on the events and I would want them to face a sense of insecurity and betrayal the moment Macbeth kills the King. The effects used to create this feeling would be sudden cold gusts of wind lashing through the audience. A strong gust of smoke would slide swiftly along the out of the stage creating a dark musty atmosphere. Sharp lightning would be seen jolting over the stage with profound blasts of thunder to follow. Lady Macbeth would be dressed in a long silk red dress to represent betrayal and guilt even though she does not show any.When Macbeth returns with the daggers, I think it would be a dramatic moment, so I would chose to have a p owerful spotlight focusing on Macbeth as he staggers across the smoke filled stage to his wife. My decision for this is that I would like the hale audience to be fixed to Macbeths every movement. I would want this because I would want the audience just to think about him and the crime that he was just committed. Makeup would be used on Macbeth to make him look like a ghost he would be entirely white and for the small dashes of red on his face that would represent the kings blood. His hands and the area around his waist would be completely covered in blood to give the impression that he had hacked the king to pieces.At the opening of act two scene one, Macbeth is confident that he is ready to kill the king. When he tells the lie to Banquo that he has given no more thought to the witches predictions, he should deliver these lines with a certain stutter including restate and missing out some words. He would also stop and jolt in mid sentence. I think he should speak like this becau se it makes the audience think he is not sure about what he is about to do and he isnt sure as to whether he can or not. When Macbeth hallucinates he thinks that in that respect is a dagger before him and he r each(prenominal)es out for it and of course cant grasp it. Macbeth is not sure, and wonders whether it is A dagger of the mind, a false creation. If I was the director, I would make Macbeth say these words with confidence then I would make him sound confused as to what he was saying. To give the impression his mind was thinking one thing but common sense was thinking about something else.As Macbeth speaks of the bloody business and how wicked dreams abuse/the curtained sleep, he appears much more confident. To indicate this, I would make him start of whispering the lines then slowly increasing the sound so by the time he had delivered the lines he was screaming them from the rooftops. I would expect his face to be blank, a dark spotlight would be glimmer on him, as he start ed shouting his lines he would grinning and the spotlight would be turned up, eventually when he had finished Macbeth would be smiling, and the spotlight would be shining brightly.After Macbeth has murdered the king and he returns with the bloody daggers, he seems to be nervous and edgy. His repeated incredulity whos there? What ho? indicates this. I would show this by making Macbeth speak his lines in a slow, shallow majestic phonation with the words flowing slowly but surely one later the other with a short silent pause between each precious word. Macbeth considers the enormity of the crime that has been committed, and is terrified, as he knows that he can never be forgiven.He stresses how he could not say Amen after the murder, and how he thought that they heard a voice cry Listning their fear, I would not say Amen, when they did say God bless us. To make this point more dramatic, I would chose to make Macbeths voice cry lightly and sharp frequent drops of water would be see n running across his chin and come down onto the stage. It would sound like he was in pain with sudden shrieks lashing through the audience as though he wants everyone to experience the heart breaking pain that he is going through.After the murder, Macbeth says I am afraid to think what I have done /look ont over again I dare not. Perhaps Macbeth does feel genuine remorse for his crime, or maybe he is more afraid about what will happen to his soul when he dies. I think that he does show some genuine remorse because I think deep down he didnt want to kill Duncan but was in fact talked into by his wife and has now noticed the error of his elbow rooms. I could show this by making him drop to his knees and holding his head in his hands crying out for mercy from God.In act two scene one, I would choose to have Banquo to speak in a stern but tired way, as he is Macbeths friend. I would indicate to the audience that he is honest by making sure that he is looking loyal and worthy along w ith proud and upstanding when he is oration to another character.Throughout the scenes, Lady Macbeth is revealed to be calm and calculated. When Macbeth returns from the scene of the murder, he says I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?. I would reflect her untouched state by having her speak nicely soft and quiet. Her eyes would wonder as if she were thinking of something completely different.Lady Macbeth seems ill concerned with her husband when he talks of his inability to sleep. She warns him You do unbend your dread strength to think/ so brain of things. Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there go carry them, and smear the sleepy grooms with blood. If I were the director, I would show her irritation by speaking to her with an abrupt sarcastic voice with a tone that suggests that shes speaking to an idiot. She will snap and utter at Macbeth and look down on him.To conclude I have tried to answer each section as best I ca n. I have tried to incorporate the mood set by each characters lines by using lightning and sound effects as well as the way the actors portray their lines. My aim was to try to get the audience involved in the play without them actually acting, so that they could experience one to one the characters moods, so that they could really understand and get into the play. I would chose Ozzy Osborne to play Macbeth because he is older than some, dresses in black and has a certain element of disguise in him which I feel Macbeths actor needs to portray well. I would choose Halle Berry to play Lady Macbeth because her up-to-the-minute film Gothika was a perfect example of a spooky story of which she played her part extremely well.

Analysis of Troy: Film Essay

The story takes go into in the fertile, eastern lands bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and kept by the gods. Within the rocking chair of ancient civilization empires are built, wars fought, alliances forged, and heroes born.Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, has united most of Greeces kingdoms down the stairs his rule and this instant advances his army upon the nation of Thessaly, hoping to include it in his collection of incessantly-growing conquests. King Triopas bargains with Agamemnon to each let one of their exceed budgeers decide who wins the battle rather than engaging in open war. Triopas calls upon the giant Boagrius while Agamemnon calls to Achilles, but the known warrior is nowhere to be found. A messenger boy is send to fetch him and Agamemnon curses the stubborn genius of the fiercest warrior Greece has ever seen. A half-god and blessed with incomparable strength and skill, Achilles lives to fight but he refuses to associate with Agamemnon, preferring instead to stra in his own destiny and be immortalized in tale. Achilles easily defeats Boagrius, sealing Agamemnons control everyplace the nation, and calls out(a) if there is anyone else worthy large to fight him.Meanwhile, Princes bullyrag and capital of France of Troy feast in the junket hall of King Menelaus of Sparta as honored guests and peace ambassadors to their home nation. However, raw Paris sneaks away to be with Menelaus beautiful wife, Helen whom he project a go at its dearly. He convinces her to come back with him to Troy, stowing her away on his brothers ship. When ballyrag draws out he is clear angry but it is as well late to return to Sparta with Helen and prove pardon. Finding Helen gone, Menelaus vows r even upge on Troy and seeks the approval of his brother, Agamemnon, who is only too happy to oblige, though Agamemnons decision comes mostly from his desire to sack Troy.Odysseus, king of Ithaca and under command of Agamemnon, goes to convince Achilles to accompany them in the conquest of Troy. He finds him sparring with his young cousin, Patroclus who is more than eager to join in the fighting. But Achilles refuses to go, scorn Odysseus assurance that this war will go master into history. Achilles later seeks advice from his mother,the sea nymph Thetis who is gathering shells to harbor a new necklace for him. She tells him that if he chooses to stay home he will find a wife, impose a family, and die old and fill outd. If he goes to Troy, he will find his eternal glory and history will remember his name for thousands of years. However, should he go to Troy, he is doomed to die and will neer return.Meanwhile, bullyrag and Paris return to Troy with Helen, greeted warmly by their fellow trojan horses. The city is guarded by a high, thick wall that has re importanted impenetrable since its founding. They meet their father, King Priam who welcomes Helen and praises her beauty. Hector is reunited with his wife, Andromache and his infant son. Achilles decides to join Agamemnons campaign against Troy but leads his own warriors, the Myrmidons, led by Eudorus. Patroclus accompanies them as well. The Myrmidons prove to be prompt rowers than the Greeks and arrive on the shores of Troy before anyone else, though Achilles tells Patroclus to stay and watch the ship. They take the beach with remainder and sack the Temple of Apollo where priestess and cousin of Hector and Paris, Briseis is taken captive. In a defiant move, Achilles decapitates the statue of Apollo. Prince Hector leads an offensive activity to keep the Greeks at bay and runs into the temple where Achilles confronts him but refuses to fight him. Achilles explains that their fight would be suited lift out in front of an audience and he allows Hector to leave.Briseis is brought to Achilles hut as his prize. She berates him for killing priests of Apollo before he is summoned to see Agamemnon who is preparing to celebrate the victory. There, tensions rise as Achill es and the king argue over claims to the victory. Agamemnon goes further by delivery in Briseis, claiming her as his own spoil of war, which drives Achilles into a rage. He threatens to fight for her but she angrily interjects, byword that no one else will die for her. Achilles stays his blade, to the surprise of Agamemnon. Achilles vows that Agamemnon will one mean solar day sink under his sword.That night, Priam seeks the advice of his advisors and elders with his sons in attendance, discussing how best to curb against the Greeks. Parisoffers an alternative to bloodshed he will fight Menelaus for Helens hand. The winner will take her home and the loser will burn before nightfall. Later, Priam speaks with Paris in a courtyard and admits that, in all the wars hes fought for power or land, a war fought for love makes more sense. He gives Paris the Sword of Troy, forged at its founding and containing the history of their nation. He explains that as long as a Trojan wields it ther e is hope for their people.Hector goes to see his wife and son. She fears for his look and cant imagine living on without him. He comforts her before getting up to see his brother. In the halls, he sees a cloaked figure and gives pursuit to find that its Helen arduous to leave the city. She is remorseful for being the sole reason so many Trojan men died that day but Hector tells her that returning to Menelaus will not end the war and that she is a princess of Troy now. Helen returns to Paris.The next day, Agamemnons army marches for Troy while Achilles, still seething over his loss of Briseis, watches from a nearby hill with his men. Hector and Paris ride out to meet Agamemnon and Menelaus before battle. Agamemnon demands that the Trojans return Helen to his brother and submit to his rule. Hector bravely rebuffs but Paris offers to fight Menelaus one-on-one, hoping that will settle the dispute. While Agamemnon could do by less about returning Helen to his brother, he allows Mene laus the opportunity to issue revenge. The two begin their fight and Menelaus is clearly stronger. Paris is wounded and disarmed but, before Menelaus can deliver a death blow, ducks away and crawls back to his brother. astonied at his cowardice, Menelaus demands the fight to continue but Hector defends his brother and drives his sword through Menelaus, killing him. Enraged, Agamemnon charges former with his army.Watching from his hilltop, Achilles cant help but curse under his breath at Agamemnons inability to keep his ranks in formation. Hector proves to be the more able warrior and overpowers the Greeks with his tactics. One of the strongest Greek warriors, Ajax is felled by Hector. Odysseus advises Agamemnon to fall back before he loses his entire army and the Greeksretreat to the beach where their archers provide defense.With Menelaus dead, the main reason for the assault on Troy is gone and Agamemnon struggles to think of a way to rally the man to his cause. Odysseus suggest s that Agamemnon put his reservations aside and enlist Achilles to fight again. Outside, Briseis is tossed around between Greek soldiers, having been given to them by Agamemnon. forrader she can be cruelly branded, Achilles steps in and takes her back to his hut. He gives her a wet material to clean with and some food. When she questions why he fights and defies the gods, he shows her a more reflective side to his nature and explains that the gods are jealous of men for their short, mortal lives. As such, everything is more beautiful.Priam consults with his advisors again while Paris laments over his cowardice. Helen assures him that, though Menelaus was a strong warrior, she hated her life with him. Shed rather have someone to love and grow old with than to see him die on the battlefield. Hector advises his father that the Greeks underestimated Trojan strength and that they should not do the same. However, General Glaucus wants to strike preemptively and High Priest Archeptolemus claims Troy is favored by the gods, citing bird omens. contempt Hectors warnings to keep behind their walls, Priam favors his advisors and issues an attack before daybreak.As Achilles sleeps that night, Briseis takes a dagger and holds it to his throat. Without initiative his eyes, he encourages her to kill him but she hesitates. They realize their feelings for each other and make love. Achilles decides that hes had enough of war and offers to take Briseis away from Troy. Afterwards, he speaks with Eudorus and tells him that they will go home. Hearing this, Patroclus is devastated, having hoped to take part in battle. Achilles returns to his hut.Just as dawn approaches, the Trojan army, led by Hector, set up on the dunes and sent hundreds of lit cursors into the sand. The Greeks awake in time to see large balls of hay being rolled down the hill towards camp, ignited in huge fireballs by the torched arrows. Banging their shields to intimidate,the Trojans advance towards the Greek camp. Suddenly, Achilles appears in his armor and rallies the troops to fight. Achilles fights his way towards Hector and the two engage in combat. Greeks and Trojans alike surround them, edging them on, until Hector slits Achilles throat with a swift thrust of the sword. Achilles falls, gasping for breath, while the Myrmidons look on in horror. But when Hector removes his helmet, he discovers that the man he wounded is not Achilles its Patroclus. Hector, repentant but resolute, drives his sword into the boys chest to finish him. He addresses Odysseus and tells him theyve fought enough that day. Before leaving, Odysseus tells Hector that Patroclus was Achilles cousin.The Myrmidons return to camp as Achilles emerges from his tent. beholding them battle-worn, he asks why they disobeyed him. Eudorus laments that Patroclus disguised himself in Achilles armor, even moved like him, and fell under Hector. Achilles is churn up and attacks Eudorus. Briseis tries to release him but he thr ows her to the ground.Hector returns to his wife. He admits that he killed a boy who was much too young and feels that his actions will have severe repercussions. He shows his wife a hidden passage under Troy that she can take civilians through to get to the mountains should he die and the walls be breached. Though she is overrule to have to consider this, she heeds his advice.Achilles puts his cousin on a funeral pyre and sets it alight. Agamemnon watches and says, That boy may have bonny saved the war for us, knowing that the rage of Achilles will not wane until hes had revenge. Meanwhile, Helen watches as Paris practices his archery in preparation for battle, hitting his target time and again.The following morning, Achilles sets off to enact vengeance upon Hector. Briseis begs him not to go, but he ignores her. He rides to the provide of Troy and calls for Hector who dresses in his armor and says pass to his wife. He meets Achilles outside alone. Achilles throws down his helm et so that Hector can see his face. Though Hector tries to reason, Achilles is hang on bloodlust. As they begin to fight, Priam and Paris watch while Helencomforts Andromache who cant bring herself to look. Achilles overpowers Hector by driving his spear into his chest before finishing him with his sword. He then ties Hectors legs together behind his chariot and drags him away, back to the beach. When he returns to his hut, Briseis cries out and asks when the killing will stop before leaving.That night, Achilles is visited by a stranger in a cloak. The stranger kisses Achilles hand before revelation himself as none other than King Priam. Having stealthily entered the Greek camp unnoticed, Priam begs for his sons consistence back to be given a proper burial. He tells Achilles that, while Hector killed his cousin, he did not know who it was and he asks Achilles how many cousins and brothers hes killed in his time. Despite being enemies, he asks for respect. Achilles relents. He wee ps over Hectors luggage compartment, promising to meet him in the next life, before giving him to Priam. When Briseis comes forward, Achilles allows her to go home and apologizes for hurting her. He gives Priam his word that the Greeks will not attack Troy for 12 old age to allot for proper mourning.When Agamemnon hears of Achilles secret treaty with Priam, he becomes incensed. But Odysseus, who notices the sculpture of a horse a fellow soldier has made for his son, proposes a plan, putting the 12 days of mourning to their advantage.After 12 days, the Trojans discover that the beach has been abandoned and various bodies lie in the sand. They appear to have been taken by disease and, where the heart of the camp once was, a large wooden horse has been erected. Upon seeing this, Priam is aware that the horse was left as a gift to the god Poseidon and is encouraged to bring it back to Troy. Paris, who is suspicious, urges his father to burn the horse, but Priam brings the horse into t he city where its revered as a sign of the end of the war. A Trojan scout, hiking through the cliffs outside the city, comes upon a cove apart from the main beach and discovers the Greek armada hiding there. However, he is killed by arrow before he can warn the rest of Troy.Meanwhile, the whole city celebrates into the night. at one time everything hasquieted down, the horse opens and Achilles, Odysseus, and a mass of Greek soldiers emerge from inside and open Troys gates where the rest of the Greek army has gathered. They quickly infiltrate the city, pillaging and keen homes and killing any Trojan who stands in their way while a tearful Priam can only watch. Soldiers of Troy attempt to defend the royal palace, but fail. As Priam prays before the statue of Apollo and asks why hes been forsaken, Agamemnon comes up behind him and stabs him in the back. Achilles, meanwhile, searches the city for Briseis.Paris and Andromache lead surviving civilians down to the secret passage where Pa ris gives a young boy, Aeneas (a progenitor of the Romans), the Sword of Troy, reciting what his father told him. He then returns with his bow and arrow to help fight.Briseis is praying before a statue of Apollo when she is grabbed from behind by Agamemnon. Achilles sees this and runs to her aid. Agamemnon tells Briseis his intent to take her back to Greece as his slave before she takes a concealed knife and fatally stabs him in the neck. His guards accost her but Achilles kills them. As he is helping her up, Paris arrives and shoots an arrow through Achilles heel. Standing up to face Paris, despite Briseis cries, Achilles is shot again through the chest. He removes the arrow only to be shot again and again, each time removing the arrow. He finally collapses and tells Briseis that she was his peace in a lifetime of war and urges her to escape. Briseis goes with Paris and they leave as the Greeks arrive at the palace to find Achilles dead, seemingly taken by a single shot to the hee l (thus perpetuating the myth surrounding his death).Achilles body is burned honorably on a funeral pyre within the ruins of Troy the following day as Odysseus watches and exalts, If they ever tell my story, let them say I walked with giants. Men rise and fall like the wintertime wheat, but these names will never die. Let them say I lived in the time of Hector, tame of horses. Let them say I lived in the time of Achilles.ConclusionThe movie Troy ended with Odysseus burning Achilles in a funeral pyre. Achilles died at the end of the Trojan War and is a hero after preservation Briseis.AnalysisBased on what Ive research, Troy is an adaptation of the poem written by homing pigeon it is also known as The Iliad and The screenplay was written by David Benioff and stars who were Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Orlando Bloom, Brian Cox, Diane Kruger and Rose Byrne. The Importance of this film is in regards to the City of Troy, the alliances of the Greeks, and the reason behind the war itself. It wa s made to capture the imagination of homing pigeon and his poems. The actors were chosen and stand for through his eyes, yet embellished a great deal for entertainment purposes. Which it was enjoyable to watch, I found it slightly inaccurate with questions unanswered.While there may also be evidence to support much of what Homer wrote about, the movie in itself creates a different illusion. The time, places, and people were either out of date nor not even involved in some cases. However, the actors portrayed what Homer described perfectly. Achilles was very strong and considered immortal, Hector was the bravest and humbled leader of Troy under the Rule of Priam. Helen was extremely magnificently beautiful while Paris was nave and weak. All of the characters involved had important roles whose actions were caused of many important events. However, if you relate back to Homer and back of what historians have discovered, the movie wasnt accurate representation.

Grape Farms in Jaffna (Sri Lanka)

The dying art of Jaffna The next generation is not sagacious on getting their manpower dirty and they dis corresponding hard work. They do not want to engage up the field of farming. They like being in air conditioned offices or being doctors and lawyers. They energise dreams of their own and being a word of mouth farmer is hardly one of them For thirty long geezerhood Sri Lanka was torn apart by a malevolent war between the countrys majority and minority a war that not only claimed the lives of many other(prenominal), soldiers and civilians alike, barely also destroyed much piazza and dammed the countrys growth in uncountable shipway.The whole of Sri Lanka grieved as one at all that was muddled(p) but it would not be incorrect to say that it was the north that suffered the most it affected the education, economy, health, security, agriculture and boilersuit the lives of the people of that part of the island. One stack that was deeply affected in the field of agricult ure is pipeline farming, an industry that was and is carried out at a commercial basis only in the district of Jaffna. It was utter by Mr. Sivakumar, Provincial Director of farming Northern Province, that before the war the district of Jaffna had over 250 kingdom of word of mouth cultivation.The war brought upon difficulties in marketing the crops which resulted in gradually increasing takes of farmers leaving the trade as it was no longer profitable. However since the ending of the war and the opening of the A9 road, new marketing prospects put one across been found and the trade has yet again been taken up and currently is spread over one hundred ten acres in Jaffna. While cultivators who lost their farms during the war have been given the opportunity to revive their lost businesses, new cultivators too are being encouraged to take up the trade by the disposal said Mr.Sivakumar. The Ministry of Agriculture Northern Province is currently focusing on introducing new varietie s of grape ingathering to Jaffna farmers in order to harvest better crops. These new varieties Sonaka and Sharad have been trade from India and are said to engender grape fruit that is larger in size and sweeter than the local grapes. This idea of importing new varieties has been support by the Central Department of Agriculture which is the agency that gives permission for importing any sort of plant material, and also by the Ministry of Agriculture.The financial support has been given by Cargills food city as it is them who invested in the project. The total project investment has been Rs 222 million and 92. 2 million of this investment has been shared by the USAID. The trade seedlings have already been introduced, distributed and promoted among Jaffna farmers and is currently being cultivated and within another two years the peninsula forget have a greater variety of quality grape fruit, noted Mr. U. L. M Haldeen, Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture Northern Province.Gra pe crops are harvested twice a year during the season of March- April and August- September. These are considered peak periods as it is the ironical season during these months and for grape fruit the dry season is considered very important as this is the time that produces the outperform crops. However certain farmers prune in such a way that they can produce crops change surface off season. Grape cultivation, compared to other farming industries needs a fair amount of investment and drift to inaugurate and to maintain. To grow a quarter acre farm it cost approximately 150 gibibyte Rs well(p) to install the pandal system.For the maintaining of such a farm it costs about another 150 thousand Rs give tongue to Mr. Sivakumar. Even though it is a costly trade it brings in enough money to be called a profitable trade. Farmers have reported that a quarter acre farm brings in nearly 200 thousand Rs per season. This good income is one of the main encouraging forces for other cultivat ors to begin grape farms of their own which in progeny will increase the overall crops produced by Jaffna which would prove to be healthy for the economy of the district.On a cocksure note, locally grown grapes are cheaper than the imported ones as a kg of Jaffna grape fruit costs 200 to 300 Rs while the Australian imported grapes cost 600 to 700 Rs. However on the contrary the imported grapes are much larger in size and taste sweeter than the locally grown Israel Blue. Therefore, even now, customers who come along for quality are ordain to pay more to purchase the imported fruits, which pose a curse to the growth of the local grape fruit farming trade. This is the reason as to why he ministry is toilsome all practical options to grow grape crops that can compete with the imported ones. As there is already a fairly good market for Jaffna grapes in the southern part of the country it is their hope to prolong this market by dominating the imported grape fruit market. As earlie r mentioned maintaining a grape farm is both an expensive and difficult venture. Especially to the farmers of the north it is something much more than just a trade, it is a significant part of their lives. They have many beliefs and traditions entwined with the grapevines.It is said by these farmers that growing grapes is in many ways much like raising a child it requires constant nurturing, caring and attention. There is a vogue in which every move should be made choosing the soil, installing the pandal system, preparing the drainage, watering the farm, fertilizing, and last but not least pruning should all be done in a proper manner to ensure the well being of the grapevines says Mr. Inuvil, a successful grape farmer. The preciseness of this trade makes it appear that grape farming in actuality is more or less an art than just an agricultural trade.Even though the number of farmers stepping into this field is on an increase, according to farmers the future of the industry remains uncertain. It is because of the lack of young farmers who are willing to follow in the footsteps of their precursors. According to Mr. Inuvil The next generation is not keen on getting their hands dirty and they dislike hard work. They do not want to take up the field of farming. They prefer being in air conditioned offices or being doctors and lawyers. They have dreams of their own and being a grape farmer is hardly one of them, and so it seems that the like father like son days are long done for(p).It is evident that times have changed and that even in a country like Sri Lanka where traditions and culture are a main part of its peoples day to day lives, the young generation is hardly found being limited by said traditions or cultures. Todays youth is much more commercialized and they crave ways of earning riches in much easier ways than laboring away in farms and fields under a scorching sun. Another reason for the possible declining of future farmers is the perception that agr iculture is an unprofitable or oor industry to be in as this is ofttimes the image that is projected by the media and otherwise, however many successful farmers like Mr. Inuwil would strongly disagree. According to him, it is a matter of willing to be hard working, committed, sacrificial and patient all traits that he says most of the young generation lack. Here arouses the question even though grape farming in the north is at present in a very good state, after the existing generation of farmers is long gone will the industry still survive or will it simply turn into yet another dying art? -Sandarangi Perera

Fulminating Hepatitis B secondary to a lifetime use of IV drug abuse Research Paper

Fulminating Hepatitis B secondary to a lifetime use of IV medicine poke fun - Research Paper ExampleThis helps in identifying the initial treatment, as well as eliminating all contraindications to colorful-colored transplant. In addition, conducting proper prognosis helps in identifying patients who need a transplant and those who will survive without a liver transplant. Symptoms indueed by fulminant hepatitis B require immediate medical interventions to prevent further trauma on liver cells. However, in some patients, the condition is asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to detect. Patients of such nature may fiesta the condition to others unknowingly (Vandevante et al, 2011). Hepatitis B computer virus This paper looks into a case of a 51 yr old patient suffering from fulminating Hepatitis B as a result of prolonged intravenous drug abuse. The fulminant condition under consideration is as a result of hepatitis B virus. Currently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cau se of fulminant hepatitis compared to other viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus attacks and replicates within hepatocytes. In harm of structure, hepatitis B virus has an outer shell and an inner core. The inner core bares the viral DNA, enzymes and proteins including hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and HBVe antigen (HBeAg). The outer shell has the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg), which is produced in excess by hepatocytes replicating the hepatitis B virus. ... In cases of acute HBV, a bigger number of viral DNA is cleared from liver cells by dint of a non-cytocidal process caused by inflammatory byproducts derived from CD8+ T lymphocytes. The release of inflammatory products occurs once CD+ T cells are stimulated by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alfa, which are products of CD4+ T cells (Gish, 2009). The inflammatory byproducts lead to scratch off regulation of viral replication as well as triggering direct lysis of infected liver cells. The conclusio n of infected hepatocytes through lysis occurs due to action of HBV specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Major destruction of hepatocytes in fulminant viral hepatitis is also as a result of host immune factors. HumoralAb response in fulminant hepatitis B is usually enhanced (Gish, 2009). This leads to an increased rate of HBsAG clearance from the liver. High level of anti-HBsAb is unvarnished in patients with fulminant hepatitis B on admission. Fulminating hepatitis B may either be hyperacute, acute, and subacute. In hyperacute, features present include encephalopathy within 7 days after the appearance of jaundice, and an increased rate of get intellectual oedema (Aspinal at al., 2011). Acute condition presents itself with jaundice to encephalopathy within8-28 days and a eminent risk of cerebral oedema. In subacutecondition, development of jaundice to encephalopathy may occur within 5-26 wks, and there is a minimal risk of cerebral oedema. Main clinical features in fulminating hepat itis B include encephalopathy, jaundice, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver may appear enlarged during the initial stages, but later reduces in size. Other conditions include cerebral oedema, renal failure, and