Voltaires Candide Essay -- Voltaire essays research papers

Candide, written by Voltaire and published in 1759, is based in the Age of the Enlightenment. Candide is a satiric tale of a virtuous mans essay for the truest form of happiness and his ultimate acceptance of lifes disappointments. The illegitimate son of the Barons sister Candide is raised in the Castle of Westphalia and taught by his friend and philosopher of metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology, Dr.Pangloss. Candide is abruptly cast prohibited from the castle when he and brothel keeper Cunegonde are found indiscreetly kissing behind a screen. Broken hearted and emotionally lost by the separation from Lady Cunegonde, his true love Candide wanders off. After being tricked into servitude with the Bulgar army, Candide discovers that his one and only love Lady Cunegonde is dead and his friend Dr. Pangloss is mortal(a) sick Candide then decides that all is non lost and that a cure must be found for Pangloss. Tragedy, adventure and a series of horrible events number Candide as h e is forced to castigate misfortune to find true happiness in the end he determines that all is not well and that he must work in secernate to find even a small amount of pleasure in life.The principal theme presented throughout mass of the novel is Optimism by the main lawsuit Candide and how that theme is incorporated into his winning outcomes of terrible situations. His good friend and philosopher Dr.Pangloss first introduces this Optimism that Candide believes. Yet this optimist foundation is being con... Voltaires Candide hear -- Voltaire essays research papers Candide, written by Voltaire and published in 1759, is based in the Age of the Enlightenment. Candide is a satiric tale of a virtuous mans search for the truest form of happiness and his ultimate acceptance of lifes disappointments. The illegitimate son of the Barons sister Candide is raised in the Castle of Westphalia and taught by his friend and philosopher of metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology, Dr.Pangloss. Candide is abruptly cast out from the castle when he and Lady Cunegonde are found indiscreetly kissing behind a screen. Broken hearted and emotionally lost by the separation from Lady Cunegonde, his true love Candide wanders off. After being tricked into servitude with the Bulgar army, Candide discovers that his one and only love Lady Cunegonde is dead and his friend Dr. Pangloss is deathly sick Candide then decides that all is not lost and that a cure must be found for Pangloss. Tragedy, adventure and a series of horrible events follow Candide as he is forced to overcome misfortune to find true happiness in the end he determines that all is not well and that he must work in order to find even a small amount of pleasure in life.The principal theme presented throughout majority of the novel is Optimism by the main character Candide and how that theme is incorporated into his winning outcomes of terrible situations. His good friend and philosopher Dr.Pangloss first intro duces this Optimism that Candide believes. Yet this optimist foundation is being con...

Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual :: essays research papers

Rhetorical Analysis expeditious Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 pseudoAudienceThe audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. adept way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The endorser of this channelize call for thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numeric order to introduce the exploiter to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as very much or as little of the eliminate as they desire. On e can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be aware on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The ratifier may ask a question like What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turn the guide into a commit owners manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesnt want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct headings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long.PurposeThe overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to playing each task. A QSG is on the nose what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owners manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to rally their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to attract their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG.Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual essays research papers Rhetorical AnalysisQuick Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 PlayerAudienceThe audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. One way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The reader of this guide needs thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numerical order to introduce the user to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as much or as little of the guide as they desire. One can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be informed on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The reader may ask a question like What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turning the guide into a complete owners manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesnt want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct head ings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long.PurposeThe overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to performing each task. A QSG is exactly what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owners manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to find their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to get their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG.

The Childhood of Charles Dickens Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Childhood of Charles Dickens I do not write resentfully or angrily for I know all these things have worked together to make me what I am - Charles Dickens Charles Dickenss tumultuous childhood did indeed work the person he became, as well as have a definite impact on his literary career. There are shades of puppylike Dickens in many of his most beloved characters, including David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, and of course, Great Expectations Pip. Like Dickens, all three of these characters came from humble beginnings and were able to rise above their respective muckle to achieve success. Similarly, Dickens literary success is owed in large part to his unhappy childhood experiences. He did not merely overcome his past, he triumphed over it by incorporating it into best-selling works of art. Drawing on these events not only provided a cathartic release from childhood traumas, it also modernized the classic rags-to-riches success story. When equivalence Di ckens childhood to Great Expectations, it becomes apparent not only how these formative years influenced his literary career by inspiring many of the characters and themes predominant in the novel, only when also how Dickens used his work as a form of therapeutic release from childhood tensions. Charles Dickens childhood and young adulthood was definitely fill up with enough drama to base a novel upon. Born February 7, 1812, to John Dickens, a clerk in the Navy Pay Office, and his wife Elizabeth, Charles spent his earlier years in the English seaport town of Portsmouth. The first years of his life were idyllic enough, alt... ... safe way. He did not have to confront the tribe and events that shaped him directly, he could do it through characters such as Pip. He was well-acquainted with the themes that run throughout the novel because he experienced them in his own life. His first-hand experience of such feelings as guilt, betrayal and personal redemp tion added an authenticity to his fiction that would be difficult for authors without such a history to duplicate. Works Cited Allen, Michael. Charles Dickens Childhood. Basingstoke, Hampshire Macmillan, 1988. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. 1861. Ed. Janice Carlisle. capital of Massachusetts Bedford, 1996. Forster, John. The Life of Charles Dickens. New York Bigelow, 1876. Kaplan, Fred. Dickens A Biography. New York Morrow, 1988.

Essay --

I am beted in pursuing graduate studies in petroleum engineering because of my keen interest in look for and evolution of Algorithms/Softwares that we as a reservoir engineer use for reservoir characterization, Upscaling and Simulation. I am interested in understanding and development of new techniques in reservoir simulators which would help to model complex swear out of hydrocarbon flow in subsurface more accurately and efficiently. Having worked with reservoir simulation computer software I strongly believe that a graduate program would not only complement my four years of undergraduate studies and four years of deliver in petroleum industry as a reservoir engineer but would also help me contribute significantly to the field of petroleum engineering. solely through in high school, I was a consistent performer in academics as well as in extra co-curricular activities. In addition, I have always been interested in science projects. In my high school, I got a chance to be among top ten meritious students selected from state for juvenility Leadership Program in Science. It was this interest in science and mathematics which helped me clear one of the toughest engineering entrance examinations in India, when I pendant through All India Engineering Entrance Exam and opted for petroleum engineering at the University of Petroleum And Energy Studies, Dehradun , as it offered an interesting blend of earth sciences with numeral analysis.My curiosity about petroleum engineering further increased in my first year of undergraduation when I first came to know about the process of hydrocarbon brass and migration until it reaches the reservoir rock with a trap .At that time, I was really keen to know about the physics governing the multi-... ... acquired necessary skills and strong fascination for methods conglomerate in geostatistical reservoir characterization and Upscaling techniques. In this process, I have also realized the importance of averaging of Input da ta in the petroleum prospect development. later having relevant experience in this field I am convinced that graduate program is the next logical step to acquire insight and research capabilities to contribute in this field. Thereafter with application of these concepts, I would work towards further refining these acquired skills and would eventually like to do thorough research in bettering the process of reservoir modeling and simulation. An M.S. program would surely be an asset to my career, and would provide me with greater opportunities in research.With all my sincerity and aspirations, I submit my application for your expensive consideration.

King Henry VIII Essay example -- Biography

King henry septetIBorn the second news of a royal family, Henry Tudor lived a very interesting life. His future was in xded to be the head of the Roman Catholic Church and that condemn ended with the death of his brother, Prince Arthur. Henrys majestic life was full of sports, women, and faith. The young King acceded his father to the thr ace, married six women, and began the English Reformation when he broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and created his own religion.On the 28th day of June 1491 at Greenwich Palace, Elizabeth of York gave birth to her third child Henry Tudor. Henry was named after his father Henry VII and he was the couples second son, which meant that there was no chance for him to reign as King since he had an older brother, Arthur (Henry VIII King of England 1). Henry became the Duke of York in 1494 at age three. Since Henry was the second born son of the King of England, he was to load down a secular role in the Catholic Church, probably beingne ss the Archbishop of Canterbury. Knowing his future of the role in the Catholic Church, Henrys study was based on theology (Henry VIII Early Life 1). He received a good education and was very talented. Playing musical instruments, being a good linguist, and playing sports were just a few of his talents. Growing up Henry gradually increased his status and by age ten Henry became heir apparent when his older brother Arthur died from sweating sickness in 1502 (Henry VIII Early Life 1). Just a few months in advance Arthurs death, Henry played a major role in the joining of marriage of Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon (Williamson 1). After the death of Arthur, the heir apparent, King Henry VII wanted to keep a marital alliance between Engl... ... Henry VIII approved for Miles Coverdale to publish an English translation of the Bible from the Latin version. In 1537 Thomas Matthews translation was circulated through the church and it formed the foundation for the Great Bible that began its circulation in 1539. The Great Bible was rewritten and edited many multiplication and eventually became the Bible used by the Anglican church (Fry 101). The Church of England that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church was known as the Anglican church, meaning of England (Reid 1).Over the years of his reign, King Henry VIII became famous for his numerous wives and his break from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry accomplished many things, one of which was the beginning of the English Reformation. Most of King Henry VIIIs reign was focused on producing a male heir to the throne, which took him numerous wives to obtain.

King Henry VIII Essay example -- Biography

King total heat seven-spotIBorn the second watchword of a royal family, Henry Tudor lived a very interesting life. His future was in tennerded to be the head of the Roman Catholic Church and that lot ended with the death of his brother, Prince Arthur. Henrys majestic life was full of sports, women, and faith. The young King acceded his father to the thr one(a), married six women, and began the English Reformation when he broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and created his own religion.On the 28th day of June 1491 at Greenwich Palace, Elizabeth of York gave birth to her third child Henry Tudor. Henry was named after his father Henry VII and he was the couples second son, which meant that there was no chance for him to reign as King since he had an older brother, Arthur (Henry VIII King of England 1). Henry became the Duke of York in 1494 at age three. Since Henry was the second born son of the King of England, he was to own a secular role in the Catholic Church, proba bly organism the Archbishop of Canterbury. Knowing his future of the role in the Catholic Church, Henrys culture was based on theology (Henry VIII Early Life 1). He received a good education and was very talented. Playing musical instruments, being a good linguist, and playing sports were just a few of his talents. Growing up Henry gradually increased his status and by age ten Henry became heir apparent when his older brother Arthur died from sweating sickness in 1502 (Henry VIII Early Life 1). Just a few months in the first place Arthurs death, Henry played a major role in the joining of marriage of Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon (Williamson 1). After the death of Arthur, the heir apparent, King Henry VII wanted to keep a marital alliance between Engl... ... Henry VIII approved for Miles Coverdale to publish an English translation of the Bible from the Latin version. In 1537 Thomas Matthews translation was circulated through the church and it formed the foundation for the Great Bible that began its circulation in 1539. The Great Bible was rewritten and edited many time and eventually became the Bible used by the Anglican church (Fry 101). The Church of England that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church was known as the Anglican church, meaning of England (Reid 1).Over the years of his reign, King Henry VIII became famous for his numerous wives and his break from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry accomplished many things, one of which was the beginning of the English Reformation. Most of King Henry VIIIs reign was focused on producing a male heir to the throne, which took him numerous wives to obtain.

Checkpoint: Motivation Explained Essay

The three major motivation theories in life are psychoanalytic, humanistic, and diversity. Psychoanalytic determinism, drive, conflict, the unconscious. Humanistic self-actualization, Maslows need hierarchy, intrinsic motivation, self-determination theory. Diversity Murrays psychogenic needs, achievement. A time where psychoanalytic had happened in my life would have to be with my current boyfriend.When we maiden began talking and getting to know one another I had a little slip where I had called him by my ex-boyfriends name. Now that I think or so it I think it may have happened due to the fact that I was considering starting a relationship with him. As well as the fact that my ex and I never really had closer in the relationship either so I still hard feelings towards him. In humanistic that would just be how I live my life every day trying to achieve something greater.I would like to leave some kind of legacy that my daughter could be proud of. It happens naturally due being det ermined to achieve something great in your life that you can be proud of. One thing that I am proud of doing is having my daughter she has to be my greatest achievement as well as my drive to keep doing what I have to provide her with a good life. As for diversity I believe people overcome it every day.I know that I have when I moved to pop I am Hispanic and Native American the area I lived in was or soly Caucasian area. So I had to adjust and overcome anti-Semite(a) remarks which I feel I came out of well just made me a stronger less judgment person. When people would first say thing to or about me I would just get mad then after time went on I got over it because these people didnt know and were most likely raised that way. I overcame it realizing Im different and its a good thing not to be like everyone else.

Art Appreciation: Romare Bearden

Therefore there is a go in the exposure as well I believe that is symbolizes the young lady worth. It appears someone was giving her a rose to make her feel better. The angel that appears in the film symbolizes comfort, patience, protection, understanding, and others. Bearden painting symbolizes that the African American struggles were not a Joke. In those times it symbolizes that it was still racism going on ith our culture.We were losing our Jobs, beca subroutine we had people fighting for our rights, girls that were at the be on of twelve had to quit school because they had to help out in their homes. This painting symbolizes a lot of things that was going on in the early and late 1960s. As I said once before that the angel was there for many reasons as in comfort for the struggle, protection from the pain and destruction, understanding that there lead be better times, and Jobs. Romare Bearden, Rocket to the Moon, 1971 to me is my favorite painting.It is really a collage frag ments build a scene of quiet despair and stoic perservance. You can suss out in the painting that the rocket is headed to moon however, while urban life below remains punctuated by a red stop-light. The definition of Stoic is an antediluvian patriarch Greek school of philosophy that asserted that happiness can only be achieved by accepting lifes up and downs. In this painting you cede a lot of things that symbolizes the African American culture. The black cat represents the black panthers that were a group of an organization ith people who were fghting back for the black people.The picture of Martin Luther King junior symbolizes that he was involved in the Civil Rights Movement and he was an activist for the NAACP. I believe that this whole picture symbolizes the Harlem Renaissance that was going on in Harlem, New York. The Harlem Renaissance involves Langston Hughes, the different types of music, different type of dances, and different type of visual arts too. The Harlem Renais sance has brought African American to Justice to say we have something we can abide to. I believe that the red ight symbolizes to stop the violence and stop the racism.I believe that the green light symbolizes to lets look at situations in a ditterent way than what the way we see them. Bearden makes an ironic statement, placing that we as African American has accomplished and still are making history every day. Bearden use a great visual statement placing Americas accomplishments in space alongside the stalled social and economic progress of many urban areas. As I come to my conclusion, Bearden use his visual art to describe the past, present, and future.He symbolizes that in Prevalence of Ritual, Tidings, 1967, there was an angel to protect and comfort the young lady through whatever her case was. The rose symbolizes that she has a destiny and a worth. The present symbolizes that we have angels that surrounds us every day. We as women have rights and have a destiny that can be ful fil if we Just hold fast to our dreams. The future reference is to hope for better days, we have rights to do such as vote, and to visual art to is extinct to pack who we are , our success, and where we come from.

Singlehood, Hanging Out, Hooking Up, and Cohabitation

This chapter focuses on the aspects of singlehood and the benefits of it as well as the downs. The Primary advantages of singlehood be the freedom that is possessed and the control over their own life. Some of the social movements which promoted singlehood be The sexual revolution movement involved openness ab stunned sexuality and permitted intercourse outside marriage. The womens movement Emphasized equality in education, habit and income for women. The gay liberation movement Provided support for a lifestyle consistent with ones sexual orientation.There argon divers(prenominal) types of singles in the US there is the Never married singles, Divorced singles, Widowed singles. Being single has some costs individuals who are single are more seeming to contract deceases or STIs. Women are to a fault more likely to contract STIs from men, than men are from women. There are many ways to finding a partner such as, hanging out which is getting together, in groups, it might often be referred as Testing the waters. A nonher way is hooking up, in other words, casual sex, which has no emotion behind it and no plans of seeing separately other again.There is also other ways to find a partner such as using the Internet or video chatting. One way that can also be helpful is speed dating which consists of having multiple dates at once in a couple of minutes. This procedure can be helpful because both women and men can meet and interact multiple people in a certain amount of time instead of taking the whole evening just for one date. Dating afterward divorce could be a little challenging and cal also have a few problems the way they date could be completely different than when they firstborn did.They tend to use the Internet for new partners, there are fewer potential partners, and there is a higher change of them contracting STIs. There are different types of marriages around the globe for example the Chinese have this so called Blind Marriages where none the bri de or broom groom arent allowed to see each other until the actual wedding. Cohabitation is living together before marriage. There is also different name for it such as, Duration of the relationship, Frequency of Overnight Visits, Emotional or Sexual Nature of the Relationship and Sex of the Partners.As well as there are different names of cohabitation there are also different types of it. Here and now- Money Savers- Rebellious Cohabitates Testers- Pension Partners- Marriage Never Engaged- Security Blanket Cohabitates Cohabitating has its pros and cons some of the advantages of it are Sense of well-being, Delayed marriage, Knowledge about ego and partner, and Safety. The disadvantages are Feeling used or tricked, Problems with parents, Economic disadvantages, Effects on children, and other issues. Common law marriage is when couples that wanted to be married did not have easy or convenient access to legal authorities.My personal Response I believe that everything that was presen ted in this chapter has very informative features and some or most people could relate to. Personally I dont have a lot of experience in this field because Im not at the level where I feel like Im ready to move out and cohabitate. I know for a detail that some day itll happen and I might acquire some features that might not be so suitable, but by reading this chapter I have a broader understanding of what it takes, and the benefits that cohabitating brings and the disadvantages as well.I think that the ways of finding a partner are pretty interesting because even image Im not trying to look for a partner yet, it could relate to a whole lot of people like myself. Hanging out is a pretty common thing to do and everybody does it, for the sake of finding someone, to have that feeling that your not alone or just self-satisfaction. There are the times where casual sex is available, for the lack of a split up word, and often times cannot be given up, I guess its overwhelming?Something t hat also called my attention was speed dating. I think that speed dating could be a fun and sociable event that might even change lives for the better of the worse. One more advantage that I would add to cohabitation, besides the book ones, would be that you can always count on that person that you choose to be there for you through the good and the bad, someone that you can talk to and ignore the physical attraction at times and exchange thoughtful words that could use up the cohabitating experience better.

Look at the beginning of act two Essay

And doesnt eat herself since she has presumably eaten with the children. In those times, (1692) wives were expected to stay at home, white-hot the house, cook the food, take c ar of the children, and obey their husbands. They were also expected to be good Christians, be calm, quiet etc. To express these qualities above, Elizabeth should probably dress in quite plain, conservative clothes, and walk straight, eyes slightly lowered, arms at the sides, and talk quietly. He past compliments her about the rabbit, Its well season, and she receives it, blushing with pleasure.She then adds, that she took great care. Again, both are trying hard to be friendly to each other, to try to avoid argument. It is however wry that monitor lizard complimented her on the seasoning on the rabbit, since he seasoned it himself. After that, he talks about the farm and says with a grin I entail to please you Elizabeth. And she answers, I drive in it John. However, before she answers, she pauses, a nd finds it hard to say. This means that she might not think he honestly wants to please her, or make their espousal work.Since this is quite a dramatic moment, I think the lighting should focus on her at this point, and if present the orchestra should be silent to emphasize her hesitation. The author then repeats Elizabeths lack of love and coldness when John proctor enamors up and kisses her, and then returns disappointed. This is so that if the audience misses the pause, thus showing her disbelief and distrust in him, they will see her total lack in passion and love when John is rejected from Elizabeth,. He then asks her for some cider, as gently as he can, since he feels she is hurt, and doesnt want to make her feel any worse.He then says, Its winter in here yet, which might be a hint for her to warm her heart and become more loving. Yet since her badly wants to be nice, he asks her on type of date, to walk across the farm. They both get up, and he walks to the door, and he s eems quite happy. She however, isnt. He seems to notice this, and asks her if she is sad again. As they say these last lines, I think that the sense of their separation should be underscore be lighting. Ie, the lights, which have been directed at both of them together so far, should split, a light on each character.This would subtly hint to the audience that although they are desperately striving to make their marriage work, it cant yet because there is a distance between them, and theyre not on the identical wavelength. The audience can also see this when John seems deep in his thoughts about spring, flowers, and Massachusetts, while Elizabeth seems to worry about something. She answers to his question, Are you sad again and at a time justifies her answer when she says that she thought he had gone to Salem since he was back so late.This could show the audience that she thought he had gone to see Abigail, because they know Abigail lives in Salem from what they saw in act one. He knows that she thought of him going to see Abigail, so he says he has no business in Salem. This shows the audience, that although he is eager to let go of the past, (which is also shown in act one I will cut my hand off before I ever reach for you (Abigail) again. ) Elizabeth has not yet forgiven him, which he accuses her of later. You forgive nothing and forget nothin She then admits to having let Mary go to Salem and this makes him quite angry.However, when she carries on he starts shouting at her holding back a full condemnation of her and says that she should control her servants better. Perhaps he also thinks that she should have controlled Abigail, so he wouldnt have had an affair with her. Basically, in this part of Act Two, the author shows that the strain in their relationship was caused by his affair with Abigail, which has resulted with her distrust. Miller also shows that Proctor quickly raises his temper, which could also strain a relationship. Proctor only seems to h ave raised his temper when Abigail and his affair with her are mentioned.This could be because he feels guilty. Knowing what split of the act give hints to their difficult relationship helps tremendously when the play is performed, since the director knows what parts of the act he must emphasise. He can do that by using different lighting, sound effects, dramatic music from an orchestra, acting, and pauses. By Karina Wortelboer Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written clean of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Philosophy of Leadership

The purpose of this research is to examine the school day of public opinion of leadership. I volition be discussing different terms that relate to philosophy of leadership, theories and definitions. I will be discussing transactional leadership how it relates to philosophy, situational leadership, and generative leadership. Leboeuf (1999) he localized philosophy as the rational investigation of the truth and principals of being knowledge or conduct(p. 28). Philosophy assumes that leadership rest in individuals who must be capable of inspiring and influencing others to solve problems and achieve goals (Sandmann, 1995). match to Peter (1966) philosophy should involve a busy mode of thinking directed to the disciplined demarcation of concepts, the patient explication of the grounds of knowledge and of the presuppositions of different forms of discourse (p. 15) The educational institution leader is first and formost a teacher. Their primary duties are to teach those that they lea d and through them the students of the institution. Some ane must make the decisions and take the responsibility to enforce them.There is no point in being a leader, however if no adept is willing to follow and to be effective authority figures we must have the cooperation of those we lead. It is important for the leader to encounter internalize and consider the perception of the host countrys leaders an the influence these leaders have in the smooth operation of the institution in conjunction with the topical anesthetic community . It is the responsibility of the leader to infrastand the complexities of the host community and to communicate to each of its member the attempt to actu solelyy participate in resolving issues.Leadership is personal unless you know who you are, what you are wide-awake to do and why then you nookiet hope to achieve anything very grand. Leaders are judge by how they stand up for their adopted principles and values, but most importantly by how they li ve a life according to these principles and values (Pelonis & Stefanos, 2010). According to Sergiovanni (1992) Our goal should be to develop a leadership practice based on professional moral authority (p. 29) . The uniqueness of the individual leader must be considerd and one should take cre to adopt strategies and behaviours that fit with the core personality (Pelonis & Stefanos, 2010).Generative leaders recognizes that there are multiple ways of shrewd and surround themselves with other thought leaders, including those with whom they disagree. They use holistice, systems perspective in their thinking and move beyond perceived limitations of time,space,traditional thought and their own views of the world . Generative leaders are similar to transformative leaders in working with others to effect change, a generative leader however is one whose definition of success includes finding immature options and solutions (Disch, 2009).Transformational leadership occurs when leaders protra ct and elevate the interests of their employees, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the purpose and mission of the look beyond their own self-interest for the good group. Transformational leaders achieve these results in one or more than ways. They may be charismatic to their followers and thus inspire them they may meet the emotional needs of each employee and they may intellectually stimulate employees (Bass 1990). Transfomational leadership communicates a vision that inspires and incites people to achieve something extraordinary.Transformational leaders in addition have the ability to align people and systems so there is an lawfulness through-out the organization towords vision (Hughes & Curphy,1994). According to Cacioppe (1997) Transformational leaders have a vision and an ability to inspire followers to incoperate higer values. It pulls them towards achieving an important challenge (p. 336) Context of Problem academic leadership is necessary now more than ever. Leadership for todays world requires enlarging ones capacity to see the whole board. Leadership is define by the authors as the continuous act of influencing others to accomplish a common objective.Academic leadership is further define as the continuous act of influencing all constituents of an academic institution to accomplish its mission and to provide the best possible educational experience for students. Leadership is personal unless you know who you are ,what you are prepared to do and why, then you cant hope to achieve anything very grand (Pelonis & Stefanos, 2010). Knowledge is define as the state or fact of knowing and it usually refers to knowledge gained by schooling and study. With that being said, it is very important to be knowledgeable about whatever your career of choice is.As an educator ,which I know that it is important to find different ways that one can become knowledgeable about what they do in the work betoken because most importantly article of belief an d interacting with others on a daily basis. Take this situation for an example, it is your first year as a teacher and the first semester is ultimately over. You are not an experienced teacher but you know the overall morale at your school is low, student achievement is down, and discipline issues are overwhelming. This is unimpeachably not the atmosphere that they talked about in your teaching classes in college.You want to go to the administration but in your past meetings, you have not mat comfortable expressing your concerns. The principal talks to the teachers in a very disrespectful manner, does not address teacher issues and concerns, and never gives any positive feedback at efficiency meetings. On top of that administration has visited your room several times and has never given you any feedback about what was seen or how you could improve your teaching. You feel unsupported, overwhelmed, and headed toward a flinty second semester. You need someone to talk to and you be gin to think about a upport group that can give you some knowledge about your profession. You more than likely want a teacher that has been around for a while that knows all the ropes about education. Support groups are a great way to get on professionally and create knowledge. As a teacher, you fulfill a number of roles for your students both intellectually and socially. In addition to learning about different teaching techniques, support groups can help you deal with the responsibilities and pressures that come with the profession. I believe that every new educator needs a teachers support group at their school.Taking the sole responsibility for starting a well-planned support group can be time-consuming but also be very recognise for a teacher who is seeking to create knowledge in the workplace. It may also be helpful to invite colleagues to meet for a general backchat at least once a week so any questions or concerns can be addressed. As the group evolves, the details concern ing agenda and procedures will iron out as you customize the group to fit whatever the knowledge one is seeking within the workplace. As we all know everyone does not know it is very important for an educator to be knowledgeable about what they do.Educator holds some very important lives in our hand and they need knowledge. For instance, if educators run low to make the goals attainable, students will never internalize or truly comprehend the skills and make them work in their own brains. Experts say they should steer clear of teaching children as if they were unfilled vessels for information (Barth, 2001). As an alternative, educator should allow them to construct knowledge in a process-oriented way. Instead of worksheets we should incorporate publishing and technology effectively. Then, your schoolroom will replicate the technological powerhouse society in which students live.Finally, always think about standardized test scores instead of unofficial military rank statistics and urge parents to do the same. Teachers and teams of teachers must make certified, knowledgeable verdicts based on their individual students requirements and skill directs, in relation to curricular necessities and framework. To do this, teachers must be directed and sustained in an uninterrupted learning progression about successful ways to make students learn. Which brings me to my point, an educator must have knowledge and if they do not have knowledge then there are ways to create knowledge in the workplace as I mentioned before.Goodlad (2004) believe that school teaching and leadership are moral endeavors and that preservice teacher education programs seldom address the needs for moral leadership in democratic school (p. 27). According to Pelonis and Gialamas (2010) Successful leadership in the international academic arena calls for leaders to have the following qualities to be continuous learners, risk takers ,visionaries , performing well under stress and able to promote and accommodate change.The ability to cope with and promote change will in fact determine to a large horizontal surface the effectiveness of the leader during transitional times ( p. 73). Successful leaders are sensitive to the situation and their followers, are flrxible,and able to adopt to the use situation to reckon that the vision is achieved. A challenging, worthwhile vision is also characteristic of a good leader. The leaders helps the follower transcend their own self-interest and participate in a vision for greater good (Cacioppe,1997).According to Leboeuf (1999) the first element to consider in developing a philosophy of leadership is vision (p. 29). dwarf (1992) contends that vision must be idealistic a mental model of future state of the organization. He also stated that vision must also possess the properties of appropriateness, standards of excellence, purpose and direction (Nanus, 1992). Philosophy examins how meaning is determined and knowledge is established through la nguage usage (Peter, 1966). Leadership philosophy reflects his principals , values,personal , professional goals and talents.It is inherent to identify strategies and be st practice for implementing the adopted philosophy. If one adopts the model of leadership in partnership with flexibility, then strategy would require the leader and the leadership team to meet and clearly precisely define the authority and accountability of each (Pelonis & Stefanos, 2010). The idea of shared leadership is variously termed dispersed, roving, distributive,collective,or group-centered leadership, and organizations are referred to as leaderful.All of us have leadership qualities that can be pooled and drawn upon as needed. (Nirenburg, 1993) Generativity is the ability to produce or originate , and generative leaders are individuals who create new options or new approachers to old problems and work with and through others to effect needed change, Generative leaders are intellectually curious and never satisfied with the placement quo they are resilient and optimistic, seeing opportunties where others see insoluble problems (Disch, 2009).According to Disch (2009) Generative leaders model creativity and innovations,work with others to enhance their capabilities and create environ,environments in which people can do their best work (p. 173). Transformational leaders are individually considerate, that is, they pay close attention to differences among their employees they act as mentors to those who need help to grow and develop. mental stimulation leader are willing and able to show their employees new ways of looking at old problems to be solved, and to emphasize rational solutions. (Bass, 1990)Situational leadership is one of several transaction al approaches to leadership. Other transactional theories like path goal theory and leader-participation theory describes the major task of the leaders to guide motivate task of he leader to guide and motivate their followers in the dire ction of established goals and to reward their efforts in ways that are fair and determine by followers Situational leadership uses the two dimensions of supportive and directive to describe four leadership styles that are most appriopate depending on the situation and the developmental level of the person or group. The major advace of the situation approach is the recognition that for different development levels and different types of situation, different leadership styles are more effective (Cacioppe ,1997).

Plantation Mistress Essay

In the book, Plantation Mistress (Clinton, 1984) by author Catherine Clinton, it seems that Clinton desires to express her disapproval for the manner in which women were treated so harshly. She talks about maids brought to our country during the year 1620 and in Clintons writing, it is extremely interesting how she gathered her information for this book from letters that were indite so many long time ago, and even from diaries, suggesting that women from that ancient time period werent treated as equals in the deep South and in this buckle down era and time in our history, the author relays to her readers that there is evidence that cruelty did take place toward women and practices such as using females as workhorses shouldnt cast been acceptable in any time period. Also, many of these women referred to as mistresses werent taken care of properly and didnt even receive the necessary and sanctioned essentials, such as proper toiletries or food. They were treated like second class citizens and werent considered as good as men. We gather a refreshed appreciation for maids as we read Clintons writing and feel regret for those who had to suffer because of neglect and misunderstanding. Clinton teaches us that all humans were created as equals and all women and the slaves from that akin time period were regarded less than human. Its interesting to be able to read some of those old letters that were written so many years ago so that we have a greater appreciation for women who lived on these plantations in the deep South. REFERENCE PAGEClinton, Catherine. (1984). Plantation Mistress. Pantheon.

Consequences of Unethical Behavior Essay

I had not heard of this until now, actually. Google paid their centering out of CEO quest last year. Not merely was their behavior unethical, and illegal, it was very socially irresponsible to the American people. Google was taking part in advertising narcotics and separate prescription drugs for an illegal Canadian pharmacy on the American internet making all of these drugs readily available to the American people. David Whitaker, a federal inmate and convicted con-artist became posed as an American government cistron who went undercover to prove Google knew exactly what was going on.Google advertisement executives accepted the $200,000 worth of the governments set-up coin to begin advertising. Whitaker collected emails and recorded calls to prove that Google knew what they were doing were illegal. Even though it was plain through the evidence to capture that Google representatives knew that the advertisements were illegal, they extended Whitaker a very generous credit line and allowed me to set my target advertising promptly to American consumers.On August 24th, 2011, Google paid $500M dollars to pay their fines and avoid quest of their C. E. O. Larry Page. Through the emails and recordings, it is made obvious that Page knew exactly what was going on. Google was allowing illegal Canadian pharmacies to platform their ads on Google and target the American population. Google allowing American consumers to be targeted is absolutely outrageous. Googles $500M fine covers the advertising costs and profits of the companies. The Department of Justice in any case has a non-prosecution agreement with Google.Now, what exactly is a non-prosecution agreement? To me, this all sounds like something illegal all the way around. How can a company, any company, buy their way out of prosecution? How can a C. E. O. not be classified as a drug peddler who well knows of what is going on deep down his company? How does this make him any different that Bernie Madoff or th e Goldman Sachs C. E. O.? Google was allowing drugs to be sold through their network, period refer blank with the citizens of America universe the target.How can a company buy their way out of prosecution? I just do not understand. If I was caught selling drugs, or giving people a platform to sell, I would be prosecuted to the fullest extent. Would I be able to buy my way out of prosecution? I absolutely would not The American government would lock me away and take their sweet period about taking me to trial and finishing my case. Why was this not made more public? Now, it seems, Google is being looked into from every aspect, in which they should.

Patient Safety in Rural Nursing Because of Nursing Shortage Essay

The United States is in the midst of a c be for paucity that is being increasingly discussed in the context of declining healthc argon facilities in the nation. Over 1 in 7 hospitals (15%) report a severe RN breast feeding shortage with more than 20% of their treat positions va targett and 80%-85% of hospitals report that they wealthy person a soak up shortage This shortage is predicted to intensify oer the next decade or two as nurses belonging to the generation of baby boomers retire.The nurse counsel Aging Workforce Survey released in July 2006 by the Bernard Hodes Group reveals that 55% of surveyed nurses and nurse managers reported their intent to retire between 2011 and 2020 (AACN, 2006). In April 2006, officials with the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) released projections that the nations nursing shortage would grow to more than one million nurses by the year 2020 (HRSA, 2003). Nursing colleges and universities are struggling to complicate enroll ment levels.In the report titled What is Behind HRSAs Projected Supply, Demand, and Shortage of Registered Nurses? analysts show that every 50 states will experience a shortage of nurses to varying marks by the year 2015 (AACN, 2006). Factors driving the harvest-feast in subscribe to for nurses include an 18 % increase in the population a bigger symmetry of elderly persons requiring proportionally highschooler(prenominal) levels of medical deal out advances in medical technology that heighten the carry for nurses an increase in the number of work settings for nurses and demographic changes in an increasing U.S. population (HRSA, 2003).Factors that are make a decrease in the supply of nurses are the declining number of nursing school enrollees, graduates and faculty the age of the registered nurse workforce work environment discovers leading to job burnout and dissatisfaction high nurse turnover and nothingness rates and declines in relative earnings (HRSA, 2003). Due to this critical imbalance between the supply and demand of nurses, the United States is today facing a nursing shortage crisis.Nursing shortage in outlandish settings Research shows that nursing shortage as defined by the federal government exists mainly in agricultural areas of the country that are far away from metropolitan areas. These areas suffer more from nursing shortage than urban areas due to lack of economic resources to compete with urban based employers, inadequate training for nurses to utilisation in inelegant settings and dependence on non-hospital care settings in the rude areas.According to a report published by the areaal Clearinghouse for Frontier Communities, Impacts and Innovations in Frontier America (December 2004), nurse shortages in boundary and artless communities derive not only from the current guinea pig shortage of nurses but also a long-standing trend favoring rural-to-urban migration of the educated, skilled workforce. There is also the event of money. When examined by rurality, LPNs in rural settings ($21,941) report an income 23% lower than that reported by LPNs in urban settings ($28,408) (NCSBN, 2006).A large number of rural communities are losing existing employment and education opportunities and the paper suggests that the community context of a nurse shortage can be addressed only through community-based development approaches as well as the crafting of healthy rural policies. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation published a report titled The American Nursing Shortage with the serve well of its researchers Bobbi Kimball and Edward ONeil.According to this report, even when some people feel a calling for the professions such as nursing, they are deterred by certain dimensions of the lifestyle, such as low pay, compulsory mobility and the need for service in rural areas. Available data and literature suggest that the impact of the nursing shortage on rural and edge communities varies greatly from community to commu nity. IN some rural places, there is no catchyy in filling vacancies but there may be just a few good stipendiary jobs. However, in most rural areas, recruiting for openings is estimated to take about 60 percent longer to fill than in urban areas (Long 2000).Nurse employers receive many applications but often find applicants do not tolerate desired qualifications and then, they often boast to accept lower qualifications to fill positions. Differences in education between frontier and non-frontier nurses exist both in their basic nursing education and the highest degree earned (FEC, 2003). Fully one-half of frontier nurses had qualified as RNs through associate degree (ADN) programs, in comparison with 40% of the non-frontier nurses in contrast, non-frontier nurses were more likely to deal attended diploma or BSN programs.Differences remain when looking at highest degree received 44% of frontier nurses highest degree is the ADN, in contrast with 34% of the non-frontier nurses. A nd, while the percentage of nurses who have earned a bachelors degree is slightly lower among frontier nurses (30% frontier, 33% non-frontier), the percentage who has earned master degrees is also lower among frontier (7% frontier compared with 10% non-frontier) (FEC, 2003). At Prairie Vista Nursing Home in Holyoke, Colorado, a town of about 1,900 people about 130 miles northeast of Denver, administrators reportedly had to work picture shifts to cover shifts after a nurse retired.Recruiting nurses to work in rural areas is difficult to begin with and, when urban-trained nurses work out rural practice, they often find they are ill-prepared for the demands of the job, contributing to job dissatisfaction and turnover. Once there, they typically find it difficult to access continuing education opportunities that fit their needs. When educators bring their knowledge to us, they often do not bring in that we practice differently than urban centers do (rural nurse, quoted in Molinari 20 01). In the rural setting, nurses typically fill six-fold roles.There is a need for a broad range of skills and cross training in eightfold jobs. Rural nursing requires a high level of generalist skills and critical thinking (Fahs, Findholt et al. 2003). Another issue is that the ethnic composition of the rural nurse workforce does not correspond with the population it serves. The ANA Rural Nursing module identifies five factors that affect rural nursing practice threats to anonymity and confidentiality traditional gender roles geographic isolation professional isolation and scarce resources (Bushy 2004).Patient safety for nursing shortage in rural settings Surveys and studies published recently confirm that the shortage of registered nurses is impacting the delivery of health care in the U. S. and negatively bear on patient outcomes. Research now shows that how well patients are cared for by nurses affects their health, and some cadences can be a matter of life or death. These s tudies have put together that (HRSA, 2003) A total of 53% of physicians and 65% of the ordinary cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors (Harvard School of Public Health, 2002,) A higher proportion of nursing care and a greater number of hours of care by nurses per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (Needleman et al. , 2002) Nursing actions, such as ongoing monitoring of patients health status, are directly related to better health outcomes (Kahn et al. , 1990) 126,000 nurses are needed immediately to fill vacancies at our Nations hospitals. Today, 75% of all hospital vacancies are for nurses (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002) Low nurse staffing levels have contributed to 24% of unanticipated events in hospitals that topiced in death, injury or permanent loss of function (Joint representation of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002) Patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with low nurse- to-patient ratios have an up to 31% change magnitude pretend of dying. Every additional patient in an average hospital nurses work load increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (Aiken et. al. , 2002) Low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of hospitals reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 (Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002) Less nursing time fork overd to patients is associated with higher rates of infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, and death from these and other causes (Needleman et al. , 2002) and Nurse executives surveyed indicated that staffing shortages are contributing to requirement department overcrowding and the need to close beds (American Organization of Nurse Executives, 2002).The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002 has issued a warning that failure to address the problem of nursing shortage in rural areas will result in incr eased deaths, complications, lengths-of-stay and other undesirable patient outcomes. JCAHO examined 1,609 hospital reports of patient deaths and injuries since 1996 and found that low nursing staff levels were a contributing factor in 24% of the cases (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2002). invigorated research indicates that a shortage of registered nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and higher degree level is endangering patients.In an article in the September 24, 2003 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Linda Aiken and her colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania found that patients experience significantly lower mortality and failure to rescue rates in hospitals where more baccalaureate-prepared nurses provide direct patient care. At least 1,700 preventable deaths could have been realized in Pennsylvania hospitals me assert if baccalaureate-prepared nurses had comprised 60% of the nursing staff and the nurse-to-pat ient ratios had been set at 1 to 4.Unfortunately, only 11% of PA hospitals have more than 50% of the nursing staff prepared at the baccalaureate level ( Institute of Medicine, 2003). A survey titled Views of Practicing Physicians and the Public on Medical Errors, conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health and the henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation reported in the December 12, 2002 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine found that 53% of physicians and 65% of the populace cited the shortage of nurses as a leading cause of medical errors.Overall, 42% of the public and more than a third of U. S. octors reported that they or their family members have experienced medical errors in the cartroad of receiving medical care (AACN, 2006). Nurse researchers at the University of Pennsylvania determined that patients who have common surgeries in hospitals with high nurse-to-patient ratios have an up to 31% increased chance of dying. Funded by the National Institute for Nursing Resea rch, the lead found that every additional patient in an average hospital nurses workload increased the risk of death in surgical patients by 7% (AACN, 2006).According to an extensive playing area by Dr.Jack Needleman and Peter Buerhas, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in whitethorn 2002, a higher proportion of nursing care provided by RNs and a greater number of hours of care by RNs per day are associated with better outcomes for hospitalized patients (AACN, 2006). Conclusion Available data and literature suggest that the issue of nurse shortage is a national one. Yet, the impact of nurse shortage is better seen in the rural areas where nurses are not well paid, existing nurses are not well qualified and patients are underage on local medical facilities.Because most frontier and rural communities are distant from hospitals, residents may rely on non-hospital based care settings for a greater proportion of their care than their urban counterparts. Due to these reas ons, nurse shortage in rural areas has endangered patient safety. Nurses are the primary source of care and choke in the health care sector and hence, a sufficient supply of nurses is critical in providing the national and especially the rural population with quality health care. Nurses are expected to play an even larger role in the future.

Macbeth †Directing Act 2 Scenes 1 and 2 Essay

From the directors point of view, this injection is very dramatic because of the impact on Macbeths decision in answer 1 scene seven. In this scene Macbeth almost decides that he has talked himself protrude of killing the king, but his married woman maam Macbeth has other plans and forces him into a decision that lead lead to the death of the king. This affects the cardinal scenes I will be directing because in these two scenes the decision is put into practice when Macbeth kills the king. So I hard-boiled out to direct the two crucial scenes that see the king murde exit by Macbeth.The setting for act two scene one is in Macbeths castle. It is dark and Banquo and Fleance atomic number 18 in the courtyard discussing what time of day it is, and as to whether it is past midnight or non. They work out what time it is by seeing if the moon is down, and then the candles are blown out. Now it is at this point large gusts of finish up are heard howling end-to-end the castle with thunder and lightning clashing down around the hearing. Owls are heard calling and all carriage of nightlife is heard. This violence is used so that the hearing are made intense and unaware as to what is hazard next and to create tension. The sounds would be achieved through sound effects being play over the speakers and sharp, frosty lighting would be used to symbolise the lightning. A background tune will be played very lightly to create a mood so scary it will keep the audiences immovable to the stage from the edges of their seats.When Macbeth meets Banquo, Macbeth tells him that he is sorry for not being as good a host as usual and Banqou reassures Macbeth that he has been an excellent host to the king. Then he brings up the subject of the witches. He articulates that he dreamed of the weird sisters the night before, and tells Macbeth To you they have imageed some truth. Macbeth replies, I think not of them, which is a take lie. It is true that we havent heard him ment ion the witches, but he has been intellection of nothing draw how to own the prophecies come true.If I was the director I would introduce Macbeth by letting him enter from pay and to walk on quietly, sneakily in incident with only soft weary lighting to copy the moon light. He would be wearing a long black smock to incorporate the fact he was upset or in regret that he was closely to commit a horrendous deed. The black would be used because it is traditionally the colour of the night and Macbeth had to blend into the background and move emergency the night in order not to be spotted or noticed.Banquo would be wearing red pants and a silver lightweight vest created out of steel with the imprinted cross of Scotland on the vest. He would be wearing a polished steel helmet with a sword placed neatly in its pouch, left hanging on the brown leather belt fastened around his waist. He would in any case have a spear in his hand with a long shaft that would also be used as a walki ng stick. He would be dressed like this because as a general protecting Duncan king of Scotland he would be expected to wear the kings finest military uniform. As a director I would expect Macbeth to take in his lines to Banquo in a nervous manner.I would have him bollocks and muddle up his words he would also jolt and pause in mid-sentence to give the word-painting to the audience he is unsure and nervous as to the wickedness he is round to commit. The lighting in this part of the play as I have already touched on would be dull yet crisp to create a sense of atmosphere and to create a mood, which would help Macbeth, deliver his lines. The torchlight the servant would be carrying at this point would be quite sharp and a glowing effect would be used to create the fire effect. Macbeths facial expressions would be few and far between because I would want him to be pale and blank faced so that it looked like he had other things on his mind, to a greater extent(prenominal) importan t and life threatening things.At the initiative of Act 2 scene two, Lady Macbeth is stood near to Duncans room waiting for Macbeth to return. At this point, I would want to emphasise the crime that is about to be committed and to create strong tension between the audience and the stage. Ideally the audience would be sitting focused, eyes fixed on the events and I would want them to face a sense of insecurity and betrayal the moment Macbeth kills the King. The effects used to create this feeling would be sudden cold gusts of wind lashing through the audience. A strong gust of smoke would slide swiftly along the out of the stage creating a dark musty atmosphere. Sharp lightning would be seen jolting over the stage with profound blasts of thunder to follow. Lady Macbeth would be dressed in a long silk red dress to represent betrayal and guilt even though she does not show any.When Macbeth returns with the daggers, I think it would be a dramatic moment, so I would chose to have a p owerful spotlight focusing on Macbeth as he staggers across the smoke filled stage to his wife. My decision for this is that I would like the hale audience to be fixed to Macbeths every movement. I would want this because I would want the audience just to think about him and the crime that he was just committed. Makeup would be used on Macbeth to make him look like a ghost he would be entirely white and for the small dashes of red on his face that would represent the kings blood. His hands and the area around his waist would be completely covered in blood to give the impression that he had hacked the king to pieces.At the opening of act two scene one, Macbeth is confident that he is ready to kill the king. When he tells the lie to Banquo that he has given no more thought to the witches predictions, he should deliver these lines with a certain stutter including restate and missing out some words. He would also stop and jolt in mid sentence. I think he should speak like this becau se it makes the audience think he is not sure about what he is about to do and he isnt sure as to whether he can or not. When Macbeth hallucinates he thinks that in that respect is a dagger before him and he r each(prenominal)es out for it and of course cant grasp it. Macbeth is not sure, and wonders whether it is A dagger of the mind, a false creation. If I was the director, I would make Macbeth say these words with confidence then I would make him sound confused as to what he was saying. To give the impression his mind was thinking one thing but common sense was thinking about something else.As Macbeth speaks of the bloody business and how wicked dreams abuse/the curtained sleep, he appears much more confident. To indicate this, I would make him start of whispering the lines then slowly increasing the sound so by the time he had delivered the lines he was screaming them from the rooftops. I would expect his face to be blank, a dark spotlight would be glimmer on him, as he start ed shouting his lines he would grinning and the spotlight would be turned up, eventually when he had finished Macbeth would be smiling, and the spotlight would be shining brightly.After Macbeth has murdered the king and he returns with the bloody daggers, he seems to be nervous and edgy. His repeated incredulity whos there? What ho? indicates this. I would show this by making Macbeth speak his lines in a slow, shallow majestic phonation with the words flowing slowly but surely one later the other with a short silent pause between each precious word. Macbeth considers the enormity of the crime that has been committed, and is terrified, as he knows that he can never be forgiven.He stresses how he could not say Amen after the murder, and how he thought that they heard a voice cry Listning their fear, I would not say Amen, when they did say God bless us. To make this point more dramatic, I would chose to make Macbeths voice cry lightly and sharp frequent drops of water would be see n running across his chin and come down onto the stage. It would sound like he was in pain with sudden shrieks lashing through the audience as though he wants everyone to experience the heart breaking pain that he is going through.After the murder, Macbeth says I am afraid to think what I have done /look ont over again I dare not. Perhaps Macbeth does feel genuine remorse for his crime, or maybe he is more afraid about what will happen to his soul when he dies. I think that he does show some genuine remorse because I think deep down he didnt want to kill Duncan but was in fact talked into by his wife and has now noticed the error of his elbow rooms. I could show this by making him drop to his knees and holding his head in his hands crying out for mercy from God.In act two scene one, I would choose to have Banquo to speak in a stern but tired way, as he is Macbeths friend. I would indicate to the audience that he is honest by making sure that he is looking loyal and worthy along w ith proud and upstanding when he is oration to another character.Throughout the scenes, Lady Macbeth is revealed to be calm and calculated. When Macbeth returns from the scene of the murder, he says I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?. I would reflect her untouched state by having her speak nicely soft and quiet. Her eyes would wonder as if she were thinking of something completely different.Lady Macbeth seems ill concerned with her husband when he talks of his inability to sleep. She warns him You do unbend your dread strength to think/ so brain of things. Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there go carry them, and smear the sleepy grooms with blood. If I were the director, I would show her irritation by speaking to her with an abrupt sarcastic voice with a tone that suggests that shes speaking to an idiot. She will snap and utter at Macbeth and look down on him.To conclude I have tried to answer each section as best I ca n. I have tried to incorporate the mood set by each characters lines by using lightning and sound effects as well as the way the actors portray their lines. My aim was to try to get the audience involved in the play without them actually acting, so that they could experience one to one the characters moods, so that they could really understand and get into the play. I would chose Ozzy Osborne to play Macbeth because he is older than some, dresses in black and has a certain element of disguise in him which I feel Macbeths actor needs to portray well. I would choose Halle Berry to play Lady Macbeth because her up-to-the-minute film Gothika was a perfect example of a spooky story of which she played her part extremely well.

Analysis of Troy: Film Essay

The story takes go into in the fertile, eastern lands bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and kept by the gods. Within the rocking chair of ancient civilization empires are built, wars fought, alliances forged, and heroes born.Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, has united most of Greeces kingdoms down the stairs his rule and this instant advances his army upon the nation of Thessaly, hoping to include it in his collection of incessantly-growing conquests. King Triopas bargains with Agamemnon to each let one of their exceed budgeers decide who wins the battle rather than engaging in open war. Triopas calls upon the giant Boagrius while Agamemnon calls to Achilles, but the known warrior is nowhere to be found. A messenger boy is send to fetch him and Agamemnon curses the stubborn genius of the fiercest warrior Greece has ever seen. A half-god and blessed with incomparable strength and skill, Achilles lives to fight but he refuses to associate with Agamemnon, preferring instead to stra in his own destiny and be immortalized in tale. Achilles easily defeats Boagrius, sealing Agamemnons control everyplace the nation, and calls out(a) if there is anyone else worthy large to fight him.Meanwhile, Princes bullyrag and capital of France of Troy feast in the junket hall of King Menelaus of Sparta as honored guests and peace ambassadors to their home nation. However, raw Paris sneaks away to be with Menelaus beautiful wife, Helen whom he project a go at its dearly. He convinces her to come back with him to Troy, stowing her away on his brothers ship. When ballyrag draws out he is clear angry but it is as well late to return to Sparta with Helen and prove pardon. Finding Helen gone, Menelaus vows r even upge on Troy and seeks the approval of his brother, Agamemnon, who is only too happy to oblige, though Agamemnons decision comes mostly from his desire to sack Troy.Odysseus, king of Ithaca and under command of Agamemnon, goes to convince Achilles to accompany them in the conquest of Troy. He finds him sparring with his young cousin, Patroclus who is more than eager to join in the fighting. But Achilles refuses to go, scorn Odysseus assurance that this war will go master into history. Achilles later seeks advice from his mother,the sea nymph Thetis who is gathering shells to harbor a new necklace for him. She tells him that if he chooses to stay home he will find a wife, impose a family, and die old and fill outd. If he goes to Troy, he will find his eternal glory and history will remember his name for thousands of years. However, should he go to Troy, he is doomed to die and will neer return.Meanwhile, bullyrag and Paris return to Troy with Helen, greeted warmly by their fellow trojan horses. The city is guarded by a high, thick wall that has re importanted impenetrable since its founding. They meet their father, King Priam who welcomes Helen and praises her beauty. Hector is reunited with his wife, Andromache and his infant son. Achilles decides to join Agamemnons campaign against Troy but leads his own warriors, the Myrmidons, led by Eudorus. Patroclus accompanies them as well. The Myrmidons prove to be prompt rowers than the Greeks and arrive on the shores of Troy before anyone else, though Achilles tells Patroclus to stay and watch the ship. They take the beach with remainder and sack the Temple of Apollo where priestess and cousin of Hector and Paris, Briseis is taken captive. In a defiant move, Achilles decapitates the statue of Apollo. Prince Hector leads an offensive activity to keep the Greeks at bay and runs into the temple where Achilles confronts him but refuses to fight him. Achilles explains that their fight would be suited lift out in front of an audience and he allows Hector to leave.Briseis is brought to Achilles hut as his prize. She berates him for killing priests of Apollo before he is summoned to see Agamemnon who is preparing to celebrate the victory. There, tensions rise as Achill es and the king argue over claims to the victory. Agamemnon goes further by delivery in Briseis, claiming her as his own spoil of war, which drives Achilles into a rage. He threatens to fight for her but she angrily interjects, byword that no one else will die for her. Achilles stays his blade, to the surprise of Agamemnon. Achilles vows that Agamemnon will one mean solar day sink under his sword.That night, Priam seeks the advice of his advisors and elders with his sons in attendance, discussing how best to curb against the Greeks. Parisoffers an alternative to bloodshed he will fight Menelaus for Helens hand. The winner will take her home and the loser will burn before nightfall. Later, Priam speaks with Paris in a courtyard and admits that, in all the wars hes fought for power or land, a war fought for love makes more sense. He gives Paris the Sword of Troy, forged at its founding and containing the history of their nation. He explains that as long as a Trojan wields it ther e is hope for their people.Hector goes to see his wife and son. She fears for his look and cant imagine living on without him. He comforts her before getting up to see his brother. In the halls, he sees a cloaked figure and gives pursuit to find that its Helen arduous to leave the city. She is remorseful for being the sole reason so many Trojan men died that day but Hector tells her that returning to Menelaus will not end the war and that she is a princess of Troy now. Helen returns to Paris.The next day, Agamemnons army marches for Troy while Achilles, still seething over his loss of Briseis, watches from a nearby hill with his men. Hector and Paris ride out to meet Agamemnon and Menelaus before battle. Agamemnon demands that the Trojans return Helen to his brother and submit to his rule. Hector bravely rebuffs but Paris offers to fight Menelaus one-on-one, hoping that will settle the dispute. While Agamemnon could do by less about returning Helen to his brother, he allows Mene laus the opportunity to issue revenge. The two begin their fight and Menelaus is clearly stronger. Paris is wounded and disarmed but, before Menelaus can deliver a death blow, ducks away and crawls back to his brother. astonied at his cowardice, Menelaus demands the fight to continue but Hector defends his brother and drives his sword through Menelaus, killing him. Enraged, Agamemnon charges former with his army.Watching from his hilltop, Achilles cant help but curse under his breath at Agamemnons inability to keep his ranks in formation. Hector proves to be the more able warrior and overpowers the Greeks with his tactics. One of the strongest Greek warriors, Ajax is felled by Hector. Odysseus advises Agamemnon to fall back before he loses his entire army and the Greeksretreat to the beach where their archers provide defense.With Menelaus dead, the main reason for the assault on Troy is gone and Agamemnon struggles to think of a way to rally the man to his cause. Odysseus suggest s that Agamemnon put his reservations aside and enlist Achilles to fight again. Outside, Briseis is tossed around between Greek soldiers, having been given to them by Agamemnon. forrader she can be cruelly branded, Achilles steps in and takes her back to his hut. He gives her a wet material to clean with and some food. When she questions why he fights and defies the gods, he shows her a more reflective side to his nature and explains that the gods are jealous of men for their short, mortal lives. As such, everything is more beautiful.Priam consults with his advisors again while Paris laments over his cowardice. Helen assures him that, though Menelaus was a strong warrior, she hated her life with him. Shed rather have someone to love and grow old with than to see him die on the battlefield. Hector advises his father that the Greeks underestimated Trojan strength and that they should not do the same. However, General Glaucus wants to strike preemptively and High Priest Archeptolemus claims Troy is favored by the gods, citing bird omens. contempt Hectors warnings to keep behind their walls, Priam favors his advisors and issues an attack before daybreak.As Achilles sleeps that night, Briseis takes a dagger and holds it to his throat. Without initiative his eyes, he encourages her to kill him but she hesitates. They realize their feelings for each other and make love. Achilles decides that hes had enough of war and offers to take Briseis away from Troy. Afterwards, he speaks with Eudorus and tells him that they will go home. Hearing this, Patroclus is devastated, having hoped to take part in battle. Achilles returns to his hut.Just as dawn approaches, the Trojan army, led by Hector, set up on the dunes and sent hundreds of lit cursors into the sand. The Greeks awake in time to see large balls of hay being rolled down the hill towards camp, ignited in huge fireballs by the torched arrows. Banging their shields to intimidate,the Trojans advance towards the Greek camp. Suddenly, Achilles appears in his armor and rallies the troops to fight. Achilles fights his way towards Hector and the two engage in combat. Greeks and Trojans alike surround them, edging them on, until Hector slits Achilles throat with a swift thrust of the sword. Achilles falls, gasping for breath, while the Myrmidons look on in horror. But when Hector removes his helmet, he discovers that the man he wounded is not Achilles its Patroclus. Hector, repentant but resolute, drives his sword into the boys chest to finish him. He addresses Odysseus and tells him theyve fought enough that day. Before leaving, Odysseus tells Hector that Patroclus was Achilles cousin.The Myrmidons return to camp as Achilles emerges from his tent. beholding them battle-worn, he asks why they disobeyed him. Eudorus laments that Patroclus disguised himself in Achilles armor, even moved like him, and fell under Hector. Achilles is churn up and attacks Eudorus. Briseis tries to release him but he thr ows her to the ground.Hector returns to his wife. He admits that he killed a boy who was much too young and feels that his actions will have severe repercussions. He shows his wife a hidden passage under Troy that she can take civilians through to get to the mountains should he die and the walls be breached. Though she is overrule to have to consider this, she heeds his advice.Achilles puts his cousin on a funeral pyre and sets it alight. Agamemnon watches and says, That boy may have bonny saved the war for us, knowing that the rage of Achilles will not wane until hes had revenge. Meanwhile, Helen watches as Paris practices his archery in preparation for battle, hitting his target time and again.The following morning, Achilles sets off to enact vengeance upon Hector. Briseis begs him not to go, but he ignores her. He rides to the provide of Troy and calls for Hector who dresses in his armor and says pass to his wife. He meets Achilles outside alone. Achilles throws down his helm et so that Hector can see his face. Though Hector tries to reason, Achilles is hang on bloodlust. As they begin to fight, Priam and Paris watch while Helencomforts Andromache who cant bring herself to look. Achilles overpowers Hector by driving his spear into his chest before finishing him with his sword. He then ties Hectors legs together behind his chariot and drags him away, back to the beach. When he returns to his hut, Briseis cries out and asks when the killing will stop before leaving.That night, Achilles is visited by a stranger in a cloak. The stranger kisses Achilles hand before revelation himself as none other than King Priam. Having stealthily entered the Greek camp unnoticed, Priam begs for his sons consistence back to be given a proper burial. He tells Achilles that, while Hector killed his cousin, he did not know who it was and he asks Achilles how many cousins and brothers hes killed in his time. Despite being enemies, he asks for respect. Achilles relents. He wee ps over Hectors luggage compartment, promising to meet him in the next life, before giving him to Priam. When Briseis comes forward, Achilles allows her to go home and apologizes for hurting her. He gives Priam his word that the Greeks will not attack Troy for 12 old age to allot for proper mourning.When Agamemnon hears of Achilles secret treaty with Priam, he becomes incensed. But Odysseus, who notices the sculpture of a horse a fellow soldier has made for his son, proposes a plan, putting the 12 days of mourning to their advantage.After 12 days, the Trojans discover that the beach has been abandoned and various bodies lie in the sand. They appear to have been taken by disease and, where the heart of the camp once was, a large wooden horse has been erected. Upon seeing this, Priam is aware that the horse was left as a gift to the god Poseidon and is encouraged to bring it back to Troy. Paris, who is suspicious, urges his father to burn the horse, but Priam brings the horse into t he city where its revered as a sign of the end of the war. A Trojan scout, hiking through the cliffs outside the city, comes upon a cove apart from the main beach and discovers the Greek armada hiding there. However, he is killed by arrow before he can warn the rest of Troy.Meanwhile, the whole city celebrates into the night. at one time everything hasquieted down, the horse opens and Achilles, Odysseus, and a mass of Greek soldiers emerge from inside and open Troys gates where the rest of the Greek army has gathered. They quickly infiltrate the city, pillaging and keen homes and killing any Trojan who stands in their way while a tearful Priam can only watch. Soldiers of Troy attempt to defend the royal palace, but fail. As Priam prays before the statue of Apollo and asks why hes been forsaken, Agamemnon comes up behind him and stabs him in the back. Achilles, meanwhile, searches the city for Briseis.Paris and Andromache lead surviving civilians down to the secret passage where Pa ris gives a young boy, Aeneas (a progenitor of the Romans), the Sword of Troy, reciting what his father told him. He then returns with his bow and arrow to help fight.Briseis is praying before a statue of Apollo when she is grabbed from behind by Agamemnon. Achilles sees this and runs to her aid. Agamemnon tells Briseis his intent to take her back to Greece as his slave before she takes a concealed knife and fatally stabs him in the neck. His guards accost her but Achilles kills them. As he is helping her up, Paris arrives and shoots an arrow through Achilles heel. Standing up to face Paris, despite Briseis cries, Achilles is shot again through the chest. He removes the arrow only to be shot again and again, each time removing the arrow. He finally collapses and tells Briseis that she was his peace in a lifetime of war and urges her to escape. Briseis goes with Paris and they leave as the Greeks arrive at the palace to find Achilles dead, seemingly taken by a single shot to the hee l (thus perpetuating the myth surrounding his death).Achilles body is burned honorably on a funeral pyre within the ruins of Troy the following day as Odysseus watches and exalts, If they ever tell my story, let them say I walked with giants. Men rise and fall like the wintertime wheat, but these names will never die. Let them say I lived in the time of Hector, tame of horses. Let them say I lived in the time of Achilles.ConclusionThe movie Troy ended with Odysseus burning Achilles in a funeral pyre. Achilles died at the end of the Trojan War and is a hero after preservation Briseis.AnalysisBased on what Ive research, Troy is an adaptation of the poem written by homing pigeon it is also known as The Iliad and The screenplay was written by David Benioff and stars who were Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Orlando Bloom, Brian Cox, Diane Kruger and Rose Byrne. The Importance of this film is in regards to the City of Troy, the alliances of the Greeks, and the reason behind the war itself. It wa s made to capture the imagination of homing pigeon and his poems. The actors were chosen and stand for through his eyes, yet embellished a great deal for entertainment purposes. Which it was enjoyable to watch, I found it slightly inaccurate with questions unanswered.While there may also be evidence to support much of what Homer wrote about, the movie in itself creates a different illusion. The time, places, and people were either out of date nor not even involved in some cases. However, the actors portrayed what Homer described perfectly. Achilles was very strong and considered immortal, Hector was the bravest and humbled leader of Troy under the Rule of Priam. Helen was extremely magnificently beautiful while Paris was nave and weak. All of the characters involved had important roles whose actions were caused of many important events. However, if you relate back to Homer and back of what historians have discovered, the movie wasnt accurate representation.

Grape Farms in Jaffna (Sri Lanka)

The dying art of Jaffna The next generation is not sagacious on getting their manpower dirty and they dis corresponding hard work. They do not want to engage up the field of farming. They like being in air conditioned offices or being doctors and lawyers. They energise dreams of their own and being a word of mouth farmer is hardly one of them For thirty long geezerhood Sri Lanka was torn apart by a malevolent war between the countrys majority and minority a war that not only claimed the lives of many other(prenominal), soldiers and civilians alike, barely also destroyed much piazza and dammed the countrys growth in uncountable shipway.The whole of Sri Lanka grieved as one at all that was muddled(p) but it would not be incorrect to say that it was the north that suffered the most it affected the education, economy, health, security, agriculture and boilersuit the lives of the people of that part of the island. One stack that was deeply affected in the field of agricult ure is pipeline farming, an industry that was and is carried out at a commercial basis only in the district of Jaffna. It was utter by Mr. Sivakumar, Provincial Director of farming Northern Province, that before the war the district of Jaffna had over 250 kingdom of word of mouth cultivation.The war brought upon difficulties in marketing the crops which resulted in gradually increasing takes of farmers leaving the trade as it was no longer profitable. However since the ending of the war and the opening of the A9 road, new marketing prospects put one across been found and the trade has yet again been taken up and currently is spread over one hundred ten acres in Jaffna. While cultivators who lost their farms during the war have been given the opportunity to revive their lost businesses, new cultivators too are being encouraged to take up the trade by the disposal said Mr.Sivakumar. The Ministry of Agriculture Northern Province is currently focusing on introducing new varietie s of grape ingathering to Jaffna farmers in order to harvest better crops. These new varieties Sonaka and Sharad have been trade from India and are said to engender grape fruit that is larger in size and sweeter than the local grapes. This idea of importing new varieties has been support by the Central Department of Agriculture which is the agency that gives permission for importing any sort of plant material, and also by the Ministry of Agriculture.The financial support has been given by Cargills food city as it is them who invested in the project. The total project investment has been Rs 222 million and 92. 2 million of this investment has been shared by the USAID. The trade seedlings have already been introduced, distributed and promoted among Jaffna farmers and is currently being cultivated and within another two years the peninsula forget have a greater variety of quality grape fruit, noted Mr. U. L. M Haldeen, Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture Northern Province.Gra pe crops are harvested twice a year during the season of March- April and August- September. These are considered peak periods as it is the ironical season during these months and for grape fruit the dry season is considered very important as this is the time that produces the outperform crops. However certain farmers prune in such a way that they can produce crops change surface off season. Grape cultivation, compared to other farming industries needs a fair amount of investment and drift to inaugurate and to maintain. To grow a quarter acre farm it cost approximately 150 gibibyte Rs well(p) to install the pandal system.For the maintaining of such a farm it costs about another 150 thousand Rs give tongue to Mr. Sivakumar. Even though it is a costly trade it brings in enough money to be called a profitable trade. Farmers have reported that a quarter acre farm brings in nearly 200 thousand Rs per season. This good income is one of the main encouraging forces for other cultivat ors to begin grape farms of their own which in progeny will increase the overall crops produced by Jaffna which would prove to be healthy for the economy of the district.On a cocksure note, locally grown grapes are cheaper than the imported ones as a kg of Jaffna grape fruit costs 200 to 300 Rs while the Australian imported grapes cost 600 to 700 Rs. However on the contrary the imported grapes are much larger in size and taste sweeter than the locally grown Israel Blue. Therefore, even now, customers who come along for quality are ordain to pay more to purchase the imported fruits, which pose a curse to the growth of the local grape fruit farming trade. This is the reason as to why he ministry is toilsome all practical options to grow grape crops that can compete with the imported ones. As there is already a fairly good market for Jaffna grapes in the southern part of the country it is their hope to prolong this market by dominating the imported grape fruit market. As earlie r mentioned maintaining a grape farm is both an expensive and difficult venture. Especially to the farmers of the north it is something much more than just a trade, it is a significant part of their lives. They have many beliefs and traditions entwined with the grapevines.It is said by these farmers that growing grapes is in many ways much like raising a child it requires constant nurturing, caring and attention. There is a vogue in which every move should be made choosing the soil, installing the pandal system, preparing the drainage, watering the farm, fertilizing, and last but not least pruning should all be done in a proper manner to ensure the well being of the grapevines says Mr. Inuvil, a successful grape farmer. The preciseness of this trade makes it appear that grape farming in actuality is more or less an art than just an agricultural trade.Even though the number of farmers stepping into this field is on an increase, according to farmers the future of the industry remains uncertain. It is because of the lack of young farmers who are willing to follow in the footsteps of their precursors. According to Mr. Inuvil The next generation is not keen on getting their hands dirty and they dislike hard work. They do not want to take up the field of farming. They prefer being in air conditioned offices or being doctors and lawyers. They have dreams of their own and being a grape farmer is hardly one of them, and so it seems that the like father like son days are long done for(p).It is evident that times have changed and that even in a country like Sri Lanka where traditions and culture are a main part of its peoples day to day lives, the young generation is hardly found being limited by said traditions or cultures. Todays youth is much more commercialized and they crave ways of earning riches in much easier ways than laboring away in farms and fields under a scorching sun. Another reason for the possible declining of future farmers is the perception that agr iculture is an unprofitable or oor industry to be in as this is ofttimes the image that is projected by the media and otherwise, however many successful farmers like Mr. Inuwil would strongly disagree. According to him, it is a matter of willing to be hard working, committed, sacrificial and patient all traits that he says most of the young generation lack. Here arouses the question even though grape farming in the north is at present in a very good state, after the existing generation of farmers is long gone will the industry still survive or will it simply turn into yet another dying art? -Sandarangi Perera

Fulminating Hepatitis B secondary to a lifetime use of IV drug abuse Research Paper

Fulminating Hepatitis B secondary to a lifetime use of IV medicine poke fun - Research Paper ExampleThis helps in identifying the initial treatment, as well as eliminating all contraindications to colorful-colored transplant. In addition, conducting proper prognosis helps in identifying patients who need a transplant and those who will survive without a liver transplant. Symptoms indueed by fulminant hepatitis B require immediate medical interventions to prevent further trauma on liver cells. However, in some patients, the condition is asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to detect. Patients of such nature may fiesta the condition to others unknowingly (Vandevante et al, 2011). Hepatitis B computer virus This paper looks into a case of a 51 yr old patient suffering from fulminating Hepatitis B as a result of prolonged intravenous drug abuse. The fulminant condition under consideration is as a result of hepatitis B virus. Currently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cau se of fulminant hepatitis compared to other viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus attacks and replicates within hepatocytes. In harm of structure, hepatitis B virus has an outer shell and an inner core. The inner core bares the viral DNA, enzymes and proteins including hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and HBVe antigen (HBeAg). The outer shell has the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg), which is produced in excess by hepatocytes replicating the hepatitis B virus. ... In cases of acute HBV, a bigger number of viral DNA is cleared from liver cells by dint of a non-cytocidal process caused by inflammatory byproducts derived from CD8+ T lymphocytes. The release of inflammatory products occurs once CD+ T cells are stimulated by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alfa, which are products of CD4+ T cells (Gish, 2009). The inflammatory byproducts lead to scratch off regulation of viral replication as well as triggering direct lysis of infected liver cells. The conclusio n of infected hepatocytes through lysis occurs due to action of HBV specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Major destruction of hepatocytes in fulminant viral hepatitis is also as a result of host immune factors. HumoralAb response in fulminant hepatitis B is usually enhanced (Gish, 2009). This leads to an increased rate of HBsAG clearance from the liver. High level of anti-HBsAb is unvarnished in patients with fulminant hepatitis B on admission. Fulminating hepatitis B may either be hyperacute, acute, and subacute. In hyperacute, features present include encephalopathy within 7 days after the appearance of jaundice, and an increased rate of get intellectual oedema (Aspinal at al., 2011). Acute condition presents itself with jaundice to encephalopathy within8-28 days and a eminent risk of cerebral oedema. In subacutecondition, development of jaundice to encephalopathy may occur within 5-26 wks, and there is a minimal risk of cerebral oedema. Main clinical features in fulminating hepat itis B include encephalopathy, jaundice, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver may appear enlarged during the initial stages, but later reduces in size. Other conditions include cerebral oedema, renal failure, and